This Web document is updated twice a year, on or about the first day of registration for Fall and Spring semesters.

1120  Popular Culture of the Arab World (3) Cross listed as ARAB 1200.
   Introduction to popular culture in the twentieth century Arab world, including film, novel, poetry, and song.

1140  Jesus and Muhammad in History and in Belief (3) Cross listed as UGS 1400, ARAB 1400. Fulfills Humanities Exploration.
   An examination of the texts (Gospels, Sira) in which the figures of Jesus and Muhammad are presented as constructs of believing communities. Special attention is given to the nature of sacred history and to the role of Jesus and Muhammad within the Christian and Muslim sacred histories.

1220  Moses & the Gods of Israel (3) Cross listed as HEBR 1200, UGS 1200.
   A study of the development of the Hebrew God(s) and Prophet.

1320  God, Love & Mysticism (3) Cross listed as PERS 1200.
   The course will introduce students to mysticism through the poetry and thought of Mualana Jalal al-Din Rumi.

1545  Middle Eastern Civilization: Islamic Origins & Empires, 600-1800 (3) Cross listed as HIST 1450, UGS 1450. Fulfills Humanities Exploration.
   Introductory overview of Islamic Civilization during the classical and early modern periods, 600-1800.

1546  Middle Eastern Civilization: Modern Period (3) Cross listed as HIST 1460, UGS 1460. Fulfills Humanities Exploration.
   A survey of the Mid-East from the mid-18th century to the present. Emphasis will be on interactions between social, political, and cultural groupings at several levels, from the central imperial state to local community entities.

2000  Languages and Cultures of the Middle East (3)
   Introduction to the languages and cultures of the Middle East: language types and language contact, writing systems, peoples of the Middle East, relationship between these languages and the cultures they represent.

2055  Arabic Culture and Civilization (3) Fulfills Humanities Exploration.
   A survey of intellectual, literary, religious, and artistic traditions that express themselves through the medium of the Arabic language. Readings are in English.

2056  Jewish Culture and Civilization (3)
   The history of Jewish civilization in its contacts with other peoples, from biblical times to the present, from Ur of the Chaldees to Salt Lake City.

2057  Persian Culture and Civilization (3)
   Study of major events, movements, genres, and trends in Iranian history and Persian literature and culture. Topics include, the Iranian world view and historical memory, survey of Iranian history from ancient times to the present, the development of classical and modern prose and poetry styles, Zoroastrian thought, Iranian archetypes, sufism, Iranian revolutions in the 20th century in the mirror of Persian literature.

2058  Turkish Culture and Civilization (3)
   A survey of Turkic peoples from the earliest states on the borders of China to modern Republican Turkey.

2256  The Meaning(s) of the Hebrew Bible (3) Cross listed as HEBR 2561.
   An exploration of the multiple responses to the Hebrew Bible, from within the Bible itself down to our own times and experiences of it. History, anthropology, mythology, theologies, and readings of the Bible as allegory, as art, and as wisdom guide this course toward a sympathy for its profound indeterminacy.

2257  Responses to Exile (3) Cross listed as HEBR 2562.
   How Jews constructed their own identities and supportive social structures. Jewish law, Jewish ethics, Jewish philosophy, Jewish mysticism, Jewish messiahs and messianism, and Jewish nationalism as tools for survival within the hostile environments of exile.

2910  Special Topics (1 to 3)

3120  Introduction to Arabic Literature in Translation (3) Cross listed as ARAB 3200.
   Masterpieces of writers and poets that give us insight into the thought and art of Arab and Islamic civilization and contemporary societies of the Middle East and North Africa.

3320  Introduction to Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 3200.
   Persian prose and poetry in translation. Students will become familiar with various genres, trends, and ideas in the classical and modern literary traditions of Iran.

3410  The Contemporary Middle East: Crisis and Revolutions (3) Cross listed as HIST 3410.
   Introduces students to the principle standing contemporary crises in the Middle East, as well as to some important intellectual debates. A series of topics will be examined over each two week period. Students should gain a great understanding of the major issues preoccupying the people and states of the Middle East. In addition, every effort will be made to demystify the region, and to emphasize that no particular exceptionalism sets it apart from the rest of the developing world.

3420  Introduction to Turkish Literature in Translation (3) Cross listed as TURK 3200.
   Readings in the literature of Republican Turkey, in translation.

3500  Ancient Empires (3) Cross listed as HIST 3005.
   Focuses on the Assyrian, Persian, and Babylonian empires from ca. 1000 B.C.E. to the conquest of Alexander the Great (ca. 300 B.C.E.).

3506  The Archaeology, History, & Culture of Ancient Persia (3) Cross listed as HIST 3006.
   Explores the archaeology, history, and culture of ancient Iran from Neolithic times to Alexander the Great. Examines development of Iranian civilization and effect that internal and external forces had on creation and proliferation of Persian culture. Special emphasis placed on Elamite civilization and its role in forming Mesopotamian civilization, the arrival of Indo-Europeans, Mede civilization, and Achaemenid Persian empire and Zoroastrianism.

3539  Mesopotamian Civilizations (3) Cross listed as HIST 3390.
   History of the rise of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt. The development of society, religion and culture will be covered from Prehistory down through the rise of the Persian Empire.

3540  Mid E Since 1914: Imperialism, Nationalism, Revolution and War (3) Cross listed as HIST 3400.
   Meets with MID E 5540. Covers World War I to the present. Includes discussions of colonialism, nationalism, liberation movements, oil dependency, economic development, and religious revival. The goal is for students to understand the background of the tensions between the Middle East and the West.

3541  The Middle East: Early 20th Cent., 1914-1948 (3)
   Meets with HIST 5410 and MID E 5541. Surveys the political and socio-economic history of the region from the outbreak of the First World War until the end of the Palestine Mandate.

3592  Islamic Spain (3) Cross listed as MID E 5592, HIST 3392, HIST 5392.
   This course will cover the geographical region of the Iberian peninsula (equivalent to modern Spain and Portugal) and North Africa (modern Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.) Within a basic framework of political history we will look at the economic, social and cultural evolution of the Jewish, Muslim and Christian communities of this region. We will branch out, when necessary, to West Africa, France, Italy and the Ottoman Empire.

3595  The Ottoman Empire (3) Cross listed as HIST 3395.
   Meets with HIST 5395 and MID E 5595. Introduces students to major topics of early modern Middle Eastern history. Covers such major topics as gunpowder and shipbuilding revolutions, transformation of world commerce, artistic and architectural creativity in Ottoman culture, the social and cultural significance of Topkapi Palace, popular religion, and provincial life in North Africa, the Balkans, Egypt, and Syria.

3642  Islam and Politics (3) Cross listed as POLS 3420.
   The course examines the attempts by Islamic groups, movements, and networks to influence political processes in terms of agenda setting, demonstrations, and electoral activities. The task of this course will be to assess how social and political factors produce diverse forms of Islam and how Islam, in turn, impacts upon politics and state and society relations.

3644  Comparative Politics of the Middle East (3) Cross listed as POLS 3440.
   Comparative study of Middle East political systems including state-society relations, prospects for pluralism and democratization, consequences of structural adjustments and current obstacles to government reform.

3649  Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective (3) Cross listed as POLS 3490.
   Examines the patterns of interaction between religion and politics in different societies.

3713  Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East (3) Cross listed as ANTH 3131. Fulfills International Requirement.
   Meets with ANTH 6131 and MID E 6713. The turmoil of Middle Eastern life has its roots in ideas and lifestyles developed over thousands of years. This course examines the land and people, analyzing the role of ethnicity, religion, politics, economics, and values in every day behavior.

3723  Traditional Jewish Communities (3) Cross listed as ANTH 3132.
   Meets with ANTH 6132 and MID E 6723. Examines the question "Who is a Jew?" by looking at Jewish life in Old World Jewish communities and Jewish interaction with the non-Jewish world. Explores implications for understanding contemporary Jewish attitudes and behaviors.

3733  Anthropology of Judaism (3) Cross listed as ANTH 3133.
   Meets with MID E 6733 and ANTH 6033. Applies anthropological theory and method regarding the relationship of religion and culture to a specific system of belief and practice: Judaism. Explores the spectrum of Jewish ritual and ideology, analyzing variant traditions and examining the potential for adaptation to changing circumstances.

3743  Anthropological Archaeology of the Ancient Near East (3)
   Meets with ANTH 396/3969/5969. This course is an introduction to archaeology, religion, history, art, architecture, and other aspects of cultural mosaic of the cuneiform cultures of the ancient Middle East. It focuses on ancient Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Syria-Palestine, and Persia with references to Egypt whenever appropriate. It covers the period directly preceding the invention of writing in southern Mesopotamia (the second half of the fourth millennium B.C.) until the Hellenistic period, beginning with the conquest/liberation of the Middle East by Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C.

3753  Anthropological Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (3)
   Meets with ANTH 3969/5969. This course is an introduction to archaeology, religion, history, art, architecture and other aspect of Pharaonic Egypt. It covers a period directly preceding the unification of Egypt (ca. 3200 B.C.) until the Hellenistic period, beginning with the "liberation" of Egypt by Alexander the Great in the fourth century B.C.

3765  Geography of the Middle East (3) Cross listed as GEOG 3650. Fulfills International Requirement & Humanities Exploration.
   The dry zone of the world, the heartland of Islam, the gatekeeper of overland trade, the storehouse of global oil reserves, the inventor of civilization, the incubator of monotheism--such themes as these form the basis of this course on the physical and human geography of the Middle East. At the same time, special attention is given to the significance of physical and cultural variations within the region.

4007  Women's Voices: Egypt and Iran (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4207, PERS 4207.
   Meets with ARAB 6207, PERS 6207 and MID E 6007. Readings and discussions of writings by and about the women in Egypt and Iran.

4101  Colloquial Arabic I (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4010. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with MID E 6101 and ARAB 6010. Listening and conversation in an Arabic dialect (Egyptian or Levantine). Survival skills and everyday conversational topics based on authentic listening materials.

4102  Colloquial Arabic II (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4020. Prerequisite: ARAB 4010 or MID E 4101 or instructors consent.
   Meets with ARAB 6020 and MID E 6102. Develops communicative skills in the Arabic dialect started in 4010 and improves cultural awareness of modern Arab society and way of life. Authentic reading and listening materials include plays, proverbs, poems.

4104  Advanced Arabic Language Skills (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4040. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 6040 and MID E 6104. Listening and conversation in Modern Standard Arabic based on authentic radio and TV materials. At least two years MSA or equivalent required.

4105  Advanced Arabic Language Skills (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4050. Prerequisite: ARAB 4040 or MID E 4104.
   Meets with ARAB 6050 and MID E 6105. Listening, reading, and conversation in Modern Standard Arabic based on a variety of authentic materials.

4108  Islamic Law (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4080, POLS 5080.
   Meets with POL S 6080, ARAB 6080, MID E 6108. The Islamic legal tradition as formulated by the classical Muslim jurists together with the theoretical and methodological principles underlying it.

4109  Political Thought in Islam (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4090, POLS 5090.
   Meets with ARAB 6090, MID E 6109, and POL S 6090. Islam as a way of life, concept of sovereignty and foundation of political organization in the Islamic state. Political theories advanced by major jurists and philosophers.

4116  Selected Authors and Genres in Arabic Literature (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4160. Prerequisite: ARAB 3020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 6160 and MID E 6116. Selected authors, movements, and genres from modern and medieval times. Recent topics include: Humor and Satire in Arabic and Islamic Literature, Hispano-Arabic Literature, the Natural World in Islamic Thought, Typology of Arabic Poetry, Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love in the Islamic World and Medieval Europe, Modern Arabic Short Story, Modern Arabic Novel.

4117  The Figure of Mohammed in Islamic Tradition (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4170.
   Meets with ARAB 6170 and MID E 6117. The life of the Prophet Mohammed as represented in sira and hadith and in literature of Muslim jurisprudence, theology, philosophy, and mysticism.

4118  Selected Authors and Genres in the Islamic Intellectual and Religious Tradition (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4180.
   Meets with ARAB 6180 and MID 6118. Study of one writer or group of writers or works that have made important contributions to Islamic thought.

4120  Language and Gender (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4205, LING 5205, GNDR 5290. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with LING 6205/ARAB 6205/MID E 6120. Cross-linguistic, cross-cultural approach focusing on systematic differences in speech patterns of females and males; language and power; sexism in language.

4121  Women and Language in Arab Society (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4206.
   Meets with ARAB 6206 and MID E 6121. The role Arabic plays in the lives of women and men in Arab society: differences in the ways they are represented in the language; differences in the way they use it.

4125  Linguistic Structure of Arabic (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4270, LING 5270. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with ARAB 6270, MID E 6125, and LING 6270. Introduction to linguistic analysis of Arabic grammatical system; word formation, sound system, and syntactic structure.

4126  Topics in Arabic Linguistics (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4271, LING 5271. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with ARAB 6271, MID E 6126, and LING 6271. Topics include syntax, phonology, and morphology of Arabic.

4127  Linguistic Variation in Arabic (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4272. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with ARAB 6272 and MID E 6127. The effect of regional and socio-cultural variables on the use of Arabic. Topics may include diglossia (sociostylistic variation) and gender differences in language use. Taught every third year.

4130  Introduction to the Qur'an and Qur'anic Studies (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4300. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 6300 and MID E 6130. History, content, language, and structure of the Arabic Qur'an; the traditional art of recitation, the approaches and contributions of traditional Muslim scholarship as well as the work of Western scholars devoted to the Qur'an. Taught every third year.

4143  Arabic Paleography (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4430. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 6430 and MID E 6143. The history of Arabic writing, the historic script styles, the arts of calligraphy, the Arabic book tradition. Training in use of original Arabic manuscripts of the 7th-18th centuries, emphasizing work related to the individual student's interests.

4150  Islamic Theology and Philosophy (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4500.
   Meets with ARAB 6500 and MID E 6150. Examination of Muslim attempts to provide rational foundation for principal tenets of Islam and of disputes between Muslims and non-Muslims over religious issues.

4152  Islamic Mysticism (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4520.
   Meets with ARAB 6520 and MID E 6152. From the isolated lover of God to loyalty to shaykhs and mystical orders. Historical developments in mystical teaching, devotion and practice; the role of Muslim Neo-Platonic philosophers and theosophists such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Ibn Arabi, and Suhrawardi; criticisms of these systems by orthodox Muslim thinkers.

4158  Major Trends in Modern Islam (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4580.
   Meets with ARAB 6580 and MID E 6158. Principal trends in modern Muslim thought and Muslim reactions to challenges of the modern age.

4170  History of the Sciences in the Islamic World (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4700.
   Meets with ARAB 6700 and MID E 6170. History of the development of thought and practice of natural scientists in Islamic lands before the eighteenth century and their contributions to humanity. Includes inter alia, botany, zoology, materia medica, pharmacology, medicine, veterinary science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, optics, astronomy, astrology, alchemy, and related fields.

4171  Survey of Classical Arabic Literature (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4710. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 6710 and MID E 6171. First course in a two-semester sequence. The art of the pre-Islamic Arabian poets of the sixth century, the sacred scripture of the Qur'an, and examples of very early oratory. The ideals and traditions of poetry and prose writing and as they developed and prevailed up to the nineteenth century. Study of masterpieces of authors from the Islamic lands of the Near East, Egypt, North Africa, and Islamic Spain.

4172  Survey of Modern Arabic Literature (3) Cross listed as ARAB 4720. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020. Recommended Prerequisite: ARAB 4710 or MID E 4171.
   Meets with ARAB 6720 and MID E 6172. Second course in a two-semester sequence. Growth and change in the prose and poetry of the Arabic-speaking world from the time of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 to the present day. This literature reflects the changing sense of personal and national identity and such shared experiences as foreign rule, concerns for the role of women in society, the long Arab-Israeli conflict, and a search by many writers for new forms of literary expression, including drama.

4230  Contemporary Culture of the Jewish/Israeli World (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4300.
   Meets with HEBR 6300 and MID E 6230. This course focuses on a critical reading of relatively non-canonical literary texts. Examines the specific vocabulary, grammar, poetics, and strategy of such texts to better explore the ideological and socio-political construction of Zionism, ethnicity, religion, history and gender. Readings include works by women, Middle Eastern Jews, and Palestinians. Taught in English.

4240  Topics in Literature and Culture (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4400. Prerequisite: HEBR 1020 and Co-requisite: HEBR 2010 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 6400 and MID E 6240. This course focuses on various cultural aspects of the Jewish/Israeli world with reference to theoretical issues such as feminism, sexuality, multiculturalism, post-colonialism, exile and racism. Students will be engaged in critical thinking while improving language skills. In Hebrew.

4241  Narrative, Dramatic, and Lyrical Genres (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4410. Prerequisite: HEBR 2010 Co-requisite: HEBR 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 6410 and MID E 6241.This course outlines the history of Israel from the turn of the century to the present by looking at songs and the tradition of singing in groups as a locus for the construction of national, ideological and gendered identity. Listening, reading and oral comprehension in Hebrew emphasized.

4260  Biblical Hebrew: Prose (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4600. Prerequisite: HEBR 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 6600 and MID E 6260. Introduction to biblical Hebrew. Explicit grammatical survey exemplified in the prose genres of story and annals.

4261  Biblical Hebrew: Poetry (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4601. Prerequisite: HEBR 4600 or MID E 4260 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 6601 and MID E 6261. Readings in the several poetic genres displaying typical structures, followed by explorations of prophetic texts from different periods and schools including the wisdom school. Offered every third year.

4262  Texts in Post-Biblical Hebrew (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4610. Prerequisite: HEBR 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 6610 and MID E 6262. An introduction to post-biblical Hebrew, morphology, syntax, lexicon. Readings from legal-, ethical-, and homiletic-exegetical (mishna, midrash) texts. May be repeated for credit when readings vary. Offered every third year.

4263  The Kabbalah (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4363.
   Meets with MID E 6263 & HEBR 6363. The course introduces the basic texts of the classical Kabbalah (from the 10th century through the mid 16th century in addition to the Sefer Yetzirah), the major school of Jewish mysticism. Texts are in English and are presented in their historical, intellectual (philosophical, mythological) and spiritual contexts. Students write four short papers on single topics and one longer one that may be comparative. No prerequisite other than advanced standing.

4264  The Jewish Messiahs (3) Cross listed as HEBR 4364.
   Meets with MID E 6264 & HEBR 6364. The course explores the two dozen or so Jewish messiah events, from the period just preceding that of Jesus of Nazareth to that of the most recent figure, R. Menachen Mendel Schneersohn. The focus is on the accounts of these events (in English translation) as historical documents and as uniquely engaged literature. Two short papers and one longer one (a final, retrospective or comparative essay) are written by each student. No prerequisites other than advanced standing.

4301  Advanced Persian Language Skills I (3) Cross listed as PERS 4010. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with PERS 6010 and MID E 6301. Develops language skills using TV, film, radio, as well as functional and literary texts.

4302  Advanced Persian Language Skills II (3) Cross listed as PERS 4020. Prerequisite: PERS 4010 or MID E 4301.
   Meets with PERS 6020 and MID E 6302. Develops language skills using TV, film, radio, as well as functional and literary texts

4316  Selected Authors and Genres in Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 4160. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with PERS 6160 and MID E 6316. Authors, movements, and genres from modern and classical literature. Topics include the Iranian worldview, the relationship between Iranian history and Persian literature, sufism in Persian poetry, the Persian romance, the development of modern Persian literature, the short story after the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

4320  Women's Voices: Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan (3) Cross listed as PERS 4208.
   Meets with MID E 6320, PERS 6208. Readings and discussions of writing for and about women in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

4327  Classical Persian Literature in Translation (3) Cross listed as PERS 4270. Fulfills Humanities Exploration.
   Survey of classical Persian literature (9th-18th century) in English. Major themes and trends in classical Persian literature from the early Islamic period to the end of the 18th century. In depth study of the development of classical Persian prose and poetry as well as its main authors.

4328  Trends in Modern Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 4280.
   Meets with PERS 6280 and MID E 6328. Major themes and formal trends in modern Persian fiction and modernist Persian poetry from the 19th century to the present. Study of the development of modern forms and ideas in Persian prose and poetry in the works of Iran's major writers and poets.

4361  Survey of Early Islamic, Medieval, and Modern Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 4610. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with PERS 6610 and MID E 6361. First semester of a two-semester sequence. Persian literature from 9th to 19th century; new trends in contemporary prose and poetry. Survey of Early Islamic, Medieval, and Modern Persian Literature. In depth study of the prose and poetry traditions of Persian literature within the historical frameworks of Perso-Islamic and early modern Iran.

4362  Survey of Early Islamic, Medieval, and Modern Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 4620. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent. Recommended Prerequisite: PERS 4610 or MID E 4361.
   Meets with PERS 6620 and MID E 6362. Second semester in a two-semester sequence. Persian literature from 9th to 19th century; new trends in contemporary prose and poetry. In depth study of the prose and poetry traditions of Persian literature within the historical frameworks of Perso-Islamic and early modern Iran.

4402  Turkish Folklore (3) Cross listed as TURK 4200. Prerequisite: TURK 2020 or instructor consent.
   Meets with TURK 6200 and MID E 6402. Folk tales, stories, minstrels, and plays of Anatolia.

4461  Survey of Pre-Islamic and Ottoman Turkish Literature (3) Cross listed as TURK 4610. Prerequisite: TURK 2020 or instructor consent.
   Meets with TURK 6610 and MID E 6461. First semester of a two-semester sequence. Historical development from earliest texts through early Ottoman literature; masterpieces representative of each period.

4462  Survey of Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Literature (3) Cross listed as TURK 4620. Prerequisite: TURK 2020 or instructor consent. Recommended Prerequisite: TURK 4610 or MID E 4461.
   Meets with TURK 6620 and MID E 6462. Second semester of a two-semester sequence. Historical development from the late Ottoman period to the present; masterpieces representative of each period.

4463  Cultural Encounters: European & American Travellers to the Middle East, 17th to the 20th Century (3) Cross listed as TURK 4630.
   Meets with MID E 6463 and TURK 6630. Travel narratives about the Middle East from the 17th to the 20th century by Europeans and Americans. We will deal with topics such as describing "the other" without fetishizing or exoticizing; what is literature; power dynamics and cultural works.

4500  Ancient Israel and Palestine (3) Cross listed as HIST 4005.
   Provides an historical overview of the archaeology of ancient Israel from the Neolithic Period to the Roman Period.

4510  Introduction to Islam (3) Cross listed as HIST 4400, POLS 4400. Fulfills International Requirement.
   Islam is the faith of over a billion followers. Most Muslims live in Indonesia, India, and Pakistan; the majority of Middle Easterners and many Africans are Muslims. The strong political engagement of the United States in the contemporary Middle East has made familiarity with Islam an urgent contemporary issue. This course will introduce students to Islam in its many forms, and help them to gain a better understanding of this world religion in its contemporary transnational and international dimensions.

4541  Arabian Days: The Islamic Caliphates (3) Cross listed as HIST 4410.
   Meets with MID E 6541 and HIST 6410. Arabian Nights is the most famous piece of literacy fiction in Islamic civilization. "Arabian Days" is a course that will focus on this civilization during its formative and mature periods (700-1259 C.E.). During these periods, Muslims shaped their religion, science, arts, architecture, and literature which will be investigated in this course.

4542  The Crusades (3) Cross listed as HIST 4420. Fulfills Humanities Exploration.
   Meets with HIST 6420 and MID E 6542. Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and its role in Middle Eastern society and economy, 1100-1300 CE.

4543  The Middle East: Nation-States (3) Cross listed as HIST 4430.
   Meets with HIST 6430 and MID E 6543. In-depth study of the recent history of individually selected Middle East countries. Examples: Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Algeria, and Lebanon.

4544  British and French Colonialism in the Middle East (3) Cross listed as HIST 4440.
   Meets with HIST 6440 and MID E 6544. An examination of the nature and process of British and French colonial activity in North Africa, the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran and their successor states in the Middle East in the 19th and 20th centuries.

4549  Major Issues in Middle Eastern History (3) Cross listed as HIST 4490.
   Meets with HIST 6490 and MID E 6549. Selected regional topics of contemporary political/economic interest. Examples: Palestine mandate, Arab/Israeli conflict, oil in the Middle East.

4550  The Urban Social History of the Arab Middle East: ca. 1750-1939 (3) Cross listed as HIST 4500.
   Meets with HIST 6500 and MID E 6550. Surveys various aspects of socio-economic and political life in the major cities of the Arab Middle East, with special (but not exclusive) reference to Aleppo, Damascus, and Cairo. Topics will include sources for urban social history and the kinds of use that can be made of them; urban institutions; family histories; the growth of extra-urban land-holding; demographic and social change.

4880  Special Topics (0.5 to 4)
   Course number used on as-needed basis. One use is for mini-seminars by visiting scholars.

4910  Directed Reading (1 to 3)
   Readings selected by student and designated professor to broaden student's back ground in area where no course is taught.

4999  Honors Thesis/Project (3) Prerequisite: Department consent required.
   Restricted to students in the Honors Program working on their Honors degree.

5511  Archeological Field School (3) Cross listed as HIST 5110.
   Students participate in the Upper Tigris Archeological Research Project (UTARP) in SE Turkey to gain hands-on training in archeological field methods.

5540  Mid E Since 1914: Imperialism, Nationalism, Revolution and War (3)
   Meets with MID E 3540 and HIST 3400. Covers World War I to the present. Includes discussions of colonialism, nationalism, liberation movements, oil dependency, economic development, and religious revival. The goal is for students to understand the background of the tensions between the Middle East and the West.

5541  The Middle East: Early 20th Cent., 1914-1948 (3)
   Meets with HIST 3410 and MID E 3541. Graduate students held to higher standards and/or additional work. Surveys the political and socio-economic history of the region from the outbreak of the First World War until the end of the Palestine Mandate.

5592  Islamic Spain (3) Cross listed as MID E 3592, HIST 3392, HIST 5392.
   This course will cover the geographical region of the Iberian peninsula (equivalent to modern Spain and Portugal) and North Africa (modern Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco.) Within a basic framework of political history we will look at the economic, social and cultural evolution of the Jewish, Muslim and Christian communities of this region. We will branch out, when necessary, to West Africa, France, Italy and the Ottoman Empire.

5595  The Ottoman Empire (3) Cross listed as HIST 5395.
   Meets with HIST 3395 and MID E 3595. Introduces students to major topics of early modern Middle Eastern history. Covers such major topics as gunpowder and shipbuilding revolutions, transformation of world commerce, artistic and architectural creativity in Ottoman culture, the social and cultural significance of Topkapi Palace, popular religion, and provincial life in North Africa, the Balkans, Egypt, and Syria.

5644  Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict (3) Cross listed as POLS 5440.
   Meets with POL S 6440 and MID E 6644. This course seeks to address one of the crucial issues of our age: the cultural pluralism embedded in most civil societies and the integrative impulses and the forces of disintegration - nationalism and ethnicity. Credit granted toward a MES degree only when the course is taught by Middle East faculty/instructor.

5645  Political Violence/Terrorism (3) Cross listed as POLS 5450.
   Meets with POL S 6450 and MID E 6645. Graduate students will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Discussion of theories of violence from psychological, socioeconomic, religious, and other perspectives with a Middle East emphasis. It will also focus on the role of the media and state-sponsored violence.

5647  International Relations of the Middle East (3) Cross listed as POLS 5470.
   Meets with POL S 6470 and MID E 6647. Graduate students should register for POL S 6470/MID E 6647 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Explores various international relations theories, such as realism, dependency, identity theory, and alliance formation to the behavior of Middle East states, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and the post-Cold War Middle East.

5696  Topics in Middle East Politics (3)
   Meets with POL S 5964/6964 and MID E 6696. Graduate students will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Topics on cross-national political comparisons in the Middle East.

5704  Middle East Economic History (3) Cross listed as ECON 5400. Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 or ECON 5530 or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent.
   Meets with ECON 6400 and MID E 6704. Graduate students should register for ECON 6400 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Genesis, functioning, and development of Middle Eastern economic systems from earliest times to the 19th century. The contribution of these systems to world economic development; emphasis on critical theoretical approaches to the study of Middle Eastern economic history.

6007  Women's Voices: Egypt and Iran (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6207, PERS 6207.
   Meets with ARAB/PERS 4207 and MID E 4007. Additional work required of graduate students. Readings and discussions of writings by and about the women in Egypt and Iran.

6050  Middle East Studies: State of the Discipline (3)
   An interdisciplinary course highlighting major themes in the academic study of the Middle East. This course draws on approaches and methods applied in the humanities and social sciences for interpreting culture, society, and change in the region. A major goal of the course is to foster appreciation for the region's cultural diversity, as well as its continuing relevance in global society.

6070  Aramaic (3) Prerequisite: LING 1200 or ENGL 1200 or LING 6000.
   Introduction to the Aramaic language and some of its literary masterworks. Dialects: biblical Aramaic, the Targumim and Babylonian Jewish Aramaic.

6071  Ugaritic (3) Prerequisite: LING 1200 or ENGL 1200 or LING 6000.
   Introduction to the Ugaritic language and literature. Myths and religious texts of this Syrian kingdom of the 15th century BCE.

6101  Colloquial Arabic I (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6010. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 4010 and MID E 4101. Additional work required of graduate students. Listening and conversation in an Arabic dialect (Egyptian or Levantine). Survival skills and everyday conversational topics based on authentic listening materials.

6102  Colloquial Arabic II (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6020. Prerequisite: ARAB 6010 or MID E 6101 or Instructors consent.
   Meets with ARAB 4020 and MID E 4102. Additional work required of graduate students. Develops communicative skills in the Arabic dialect started in ARAB 6010 and improves cultural awareness of modern Arab society and way of life. Authentic reading and listening materials include plays, proverbs, poems.

6104  Advanced Arabic Language Skills (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6040. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020.
   Meets with ARAB 4040 and MID E 4104. Additional work required of graduate students. Listening and conversation in Modern Standard Arabic based on authentic radio and TV materials.

6105  Advanced Arabic Language Skills (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6050. Prerequisite: ARAB 6040 or MID E 6104 or Instructors consent.
   Meets with ARAB 4050 and MID E 4105. Additional work required of graduate students. Listening, reading, and conversation in Modern Standard Arabic based on a variety of authentic materials.

6108  Islamic Law (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6080, POLS 6080.
   Meet with ARAB 4080 MID E 4108, and POL S 5080. Graduate students should register for ARAB 6080, MID E 6108, or POL S 6080 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The Islamic legal tradition as formulated by the classical Muslim jurists together with the theoretical and methodological principles underlying it.

6109  Political Thought in Islam (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6090, POLS 6090.
   Meet with ARAB 4090, MID E 4109, and POL S 5090. Graduate students should register for ARAB 6090, MID E 6109, or POL S 6090 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Islam as a way of life, concept of sovereignty and foundation of political organization in the Islamic state. Political theories advanced by major jurists and philosophers.

6116  Selected Authors and Genres in Arabic Literature (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6160. Prerequisite: ARAB 3020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 4160 and MID E 4116. Additional work required of graduate students. Selected authors, movements, and genres from modern and medieval times. Recent topics include: Humor and Satire in Arabic and Islamic Literature, Hispano-Arabic Literature, The Natural World in Islamic Thought, Typology of Arabic Poetry, Origin and Meaning of Courtly Love in the Islamic World and Medieval Europe, Modern Arabic Short Story, Modern Arabic Novel.

6117  The Figure of Mohammed in Islamic Tradition (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6170.
   Meets with ARAB 4170 and MID E 4117. Additional work required of graduate students. The life of the Prophet Mohammed as represented in sira and hadith and in literature of Muslim jurisprudence, theology, philosophy, and mysticism.

6118  Selected Authors and Genres in the Islamic Intellectual and Religious Tradition (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6180.
   Meets with ARAB 4180 and MID E 4118. Additional work required of graduate students. Study of one writer or group of writers or works that have made important contributions to Islamic thought.

6120  Language and Gender (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6205, LING 6205. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with LING 5205, ARAB 4205, and MID E 4120. Additional work required of graduate students. Cross-linguistic, cross-cultural approach focusing on systematic differences in speech patterns of females and males; language and power; sexism in language.

6121  Women and Language in Arab Society (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6206.
   Meets with ARAB 4206 and MID E 4121. Additional work required of graduate students. The role Arabic plays in the lives of women and men in Arab society: differences in the ways they are represented in the language; differences in the way they use it.

6125  Linguistic Structure of Arabic (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6270, LING 6270. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with ARAB 4270, MID E 4125. Additional work required of graduate students. Introduction to the linguistic analysis of the Arabic grammatical system: word formation, sound system, and syntactic structure.

6126  Topics in Arabic Linguistics (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6271, LING 6271. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with ARAB 4271, MID E 4126, and LING 5271; additional work required of graduate students. Topics include syntax, phonology, and morphology of Arabic.

6127  Linguistic Variation in Arabic (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6272. Prerequisite: ARAB 1020 or LING 1200.
   Meets with ARAB 4272 and MID E 4127. Additional work required of graduate students. The effect of regional and socio-cultural variables on the use of Arabic. Topics may include diglossia (sociostylistic variation) and gender differences in language use.

6130  Introduction to the Qur'an and Qur'anic Studies (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6300. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 4300 and MID E 4130. Additional work required of graduate students. History, content, language, and structure of the Arabic Qur'an; the traditional art of recitation, the approaches and contributions of traditional Muslim scholarship as well as the work of Western scholars devoted to the Qur'an.

6143  Arabic Paleography (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6430. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 4430 and MID E 4143. Additional work required of graduate students. The history of Arabic writing, the historic script styles, the arts of calligraphy, the Arabic book tradition. Training in use of original Arabic manuscripts of the 7th-18th centuries, emphasizing work related to the individual student's interests.

6150  Islamic Theology and Philosophy (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6500.
   Meets with ARAB 4500 and MID E 4150. Additional work required of graduate students. Examination of Muslim attempts to provide rational foundation for principal tenets of Islam and of disputes between Muslims and non-Muslims over religious issues.

6152  Islamic Mysticism (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6520.
   Meets with ARAB 4520 and MID E 4152. Additional work required of graduate students. From the isolated lover of God to loyalty to shaykhs and mystical orders. Historical developments in mystical teaching, devotion and practice; the role of Muslim Neo-Platonic philosophers and theosophists such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Ibn Arabi and Suhrawardi; criticisms of these systems by orthodox Muslim thinkers.

6158  Major Trends in Modern Islam (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6580.
   Meets with ARAB 4580 and MID E 4158. Additional work required of graduate students. Principal trends in modern Muslim thought and Muslim reactions to challenges of the modern age.

6170  History of the Sciences in the Islamic World (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6700.
   Meets with ARAB 4700 and MID E 4170. Additional work required of graduate students. History of the development of thought and practice of natural scientists in Islamic lands before the eighteenth century and their contributions to humanity. Includes, inter alia, botany, zoology, materia medica, pharmacology, medicine, veterinary science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, optics, astronomy, astrology, alchemy, and related fields.

6171  Survey of Classical Arabic Literature (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6710. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ARAB 4710 and MID E 4171. Additional work required of graduate students. First course in a two-semester sequence. The art of the pre-Islamic Arabian poets of the sixth century, the sacred scripture of the Qur'an, and examples of very early oratory. The ideals and traditions of poetry and prose writing as they developed and prevailed up to the nineteenth century. Study of masterpieces of authors from the Islamic lands of the Near East, Egypt, North Africa, and Islamic Spain.

6172  Survey of Modern Arabic Literature (3) Cross listed as ARAB 6720. Prerequisite: ARAB 2020. Recommended Prerequisite: ARAB 6710 or MID E 6171.
   Meets with ARAB 4720 and MID E 4172. Additional work required of graduate students. Second course in a two-semester sequence. Growth and change in the prose and poetry of the Arabic-speaking world from the time of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt in 1798 to the present day. This literature reflects the changing sense of personal and national identity and such shared experiences as foreign rule, concerns for the role of women in society, the long Arab-Israeli conflict, and a search by many writers for new forms of literary expression, including drama.

6230  Contemporary Culture of the Jewish/Israeli World (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6300.
   Meets with HEBR 4300 and MID E 4230. Additional work required of graduate students. This course focuses on a critical reading of relatively non-canonical literary texts. Examines the specific vocabulary, grammar, poetics, and strategy of such texts to better explore the ideological and socio-political construction of Zionism, ethnicity, religion, history, and gender. Readings include works by women, Middle Eastern Jews, and Palestinians.

6231  Jewish and Israeli Film (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6310.
   Meets with HEBR 4310 and MID E 4231. Additional work required of graduate students. This course will engage students in discussions on major issues in contemporary Israel through the use of a variety of Jewish and Israeli films. The range of subjects covered in this course is wide and interdisciplinary, but its emphasis is primarily on socio/anthropological studies of Israeli society and on building up a vocabulary to approach multiculturalism, its counter-culture, and their representations.

6240  Topics in Literature and Culture (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6400. Prerequisite: HEBR 1020 and Co-requisite: HEBR 2010 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 4400 and MID E 4240. Additional work required of graduate students. This course focuses on various cultural aspects of the Jewish/Israeli world with reference to theoretical issues such as feminism, sexuality, multiculturalism, post-colonialism, exile, and racism. Students will be engaged in critical thinking while improving language skills.

6241  Narrative, Dramatic, and Lyrical Genres (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6410. Prerequisite: HEBR 2010 and Co-requisite: HEBR 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 4410 and MID E 4241. Additional work required of graduate students. This course outlines the history of Israel from the turn of the century to the present by looking at songs and the tradition of singing in groups as a locus for the construction of national, ideological and gendered identity. Listening, reading and oral comprehension in Hebrew emphasized.

6260  Biblical Hebrew: Prose (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6600. Prerequisite: HEBR 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 4600 and MID E 4260. Additional work required of graduate students. Introduction to biblical Hebrew. Explicit grammatical survey exemplified in the prose genres of story and annals. Open to undergraduates with consent of instructor.

6261  Biblical Hebrew: Poetry (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6601. Prerequisite: HEBR 6600 or MID E 6260 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 4601 and MID E 4261. Additional work required of graduate students. Readings in the several poetic genres displaying typical structures, followed by explorations of prophetic texts from different periods and schools including the wisdom school. Offered every third year. Open to undergraduates with consent of instructor.

6262  Texts in Post-Biblical Hebrew (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6610. Prerequisite: HEBR 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with HEBR 4610 and MID E 4262. Additional work required of graduate students. An introduction to post-biblical Hebrew, morphology, syntax, lexicon. Readings from legal-, ethical- and homiletic- exegetical (mishna, midrash) texts. May be repeated for credit when readings vary. Offered every third year. Open to undergraduates with consent of instructor.

6263  The Kabbalah (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6363.
   Meets with MID E 4263 & HEBR 4363. The course introduces the basic texts of the classical Kabbalah (from the 10th century through the mid 16th century in addition to the Sefer Yetzirah), the major school of Jewish mysticism. Texts are in English and are presented in their historical, intellectual (philosophical, mythological) and spiritual contexts.

6264  The Jewish Messiahs (3) Cross listed as HEBR 6364.
   Meets with MID E 4264 & HEBR 4364. The course explores the two dozen or so Jewish messiah events, from the period just preceding that of Jesus of Nazareth to that of the most recent figure, R. Menachen Mendel Schneersohn. The focus is on the accounts of these events (in English translation) as historical documents and as uniquely engaged literature. Two short papers and one longer one (a final, retrospective or comparative essay) are written by each student. No prerequisites other than advanced standing.

6301  Advanced Persian Languages Skills I (3) Cross listed as PERS 6010. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with PERS 4010 and MID E 4301. Additional work required of graduate students. Develops language skills using TV, film, radio, as well as functional and literary texts

6302  Advanced Persian Language Skills II (3) Cross listed as PERS 6020. Prerequisite: PERS 6010 or MID E 6301.
   Meets with PERS 4020 and MID E 4302. Additional work required of graduate students. Develops language skills using TV, film, radio, as well as functional and literary texts.

6316  Selected Authors and Genres in Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 6160. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with PERS 4160 and MID E 4316. Additional work required of graduate students. Authors, movements, and genres from selected periods. Authors, movements, and genres from modern and classical literature. Topics include the Iranian world view, the relationship between Iranian history and Persian literature, sufism in Persian poetry, the Persian romance, the development of modern Persian literature, the short story after the Islamic Revolution of 1979.

6320  Women's Voices: Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan (3) Cross listed as PERS 6208.
   Meets with MID E 4320, PERS 4208. Readings and discussions of writing for and about women in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan.

6327  Classical Persian Literature in Translation (3) Cross listed as PERS 6270.
   Meets with PERS 4270 and MID E 4327. Additional work required of graduate students. Survey of classical Persian literature (9th-18th century) in English. Major themes and trends in classical Persian literature from the early Islamic period to the end of the 18th century. In depth study of the development of classical Persian prose and poetry as well as its main authors.

6328  Trends in Modern Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 6280.
   Meets with PERS 4280 and MID E 4328. Additional work required of graduate students. Major themes and formal trends in modern Persian fiction and modernist Persian poetry from the 19th century to the present. Study of the development of modern forms and ideas in Persian prose and poetry in the works of Iran's major writers and poets.

6361  Survey of Early Islamic, Medieval, and Modern Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 6610. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with PERS 4610 and MID E 4361. Additional work required of graduate students. First semester of a two-semester sequence. Persian literature from 9th to 19th century; new trends in contemporary prose and poetry. Survey of Early Islamic, Medieval, and Modern Persian Literature. In depth study of the prose and poetry traditions of Persian literature within the historical frameworks of Perso-Islamic and early modern Iran.

6362  Survey of Early Islamic, Medieval, and Modern Persian Literature (3) Cross listed as PERS 6620. Prerequisite: PERS 2020 or instructor's consent. Recommended Prerequisite: PERS 6610 or MID E 6361.
   Meets with PERS 4620 and MID E 4362. Additional work required of graduate students. Second semester in a two-semester sequence. Persian literature from ninth to 19th century; new trends in contemporary prose and poetry. In-depth study of the prose and poetry traditions of Persian literature within the historical frameworks of Perso-Islamic and early modern Iran.

6402  Turkish Folklore (3) Cross listed as TURK 6200. Prerequisite: TURK 2020 or instructor consent.
   Meets with TURK 4200 and MID E 4402. Additional work in Turkish required of graduate students. Folk tales, stories, minstrels, and plays of Anatolia.

6431  Ottoman Turkish I (3) Cross listed as TURK 6310. Prerequisite: Instructor's consent or TURK 2020 and either ARAB 1020 or PERS 1020.
   Ottoman literature in Arabic script from 16th- to 20th-centuries.

6432  Ottoman Turkish II (3) Cross listed as TURK 6320. Prerequisite: TURK 6310 or MID E 6431.
   Ottoman literature in Arabic script from 16th- to 20th-centuries.

6461  Survey of Pre-Islamic and Ottoman Turkish Literature (3) Cross listed as TURK 6610. Prerequisite: TURK 2020 or instructor consent.
   Meets with TURK 4610 and MID E 4461. Additional work in Turkish required of graduate students. Taught in Turkish. First semester of a two-semester sequence. Historical development from earliest texts through early Ottoman literature; masterpieces representative of each period.

6462  Survey of Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Literature (3) Cross listed as TURK 6620. Prerequisite: TURK 2020 or instructor consent. Recommended Prerequisite: TURK 6610 or MID E 6461.
   Meets with TURK 4620 and MID E 4462. Additional work in Turkish required of graduate students. Taught in Turkish. Second semester of a two-semester sequence. Historical development from the late Ottoman period to the present; masterpieces representative of each period.

6463  Cultural Encounters: European & American Travellers to the Middle East, 17th to the 20th Century (3) Cross listed as TURK 6630.
   Meets with MID E 4463 and TURK 4630. Additional work required of graduate students. Travel narratives about the Middle East from the 17th to the 20th century by Europeans and Americans. We will deal with topics such as describing "the other" without fetishizing or exoticizing: what is literature; power dynamics and cultural works.

6541  Arabian Days: The Islamic Caliphates (3) Cross listed as HIST 6410.
   Meets with HIST 4410 and MID E 4541. Arabian Days is the most famous piece of literary fiction in Islamic civilization. "Arabian Nights" is a course that will focus on this civilization during its formative and mature periods (700-1259 C.E.) During these periods, Muslims shaped their religion, science, arts, architecture, and literature which will be investigated in this course.

6542  The Crusades (3) Cross listed as HIST 6420.
   Meets with HIST 4420 and MID E 4542. Additional work required of graduate students. Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem and its role in Middle Eastern society and economy, 1100-1300 CE.

6543  The Middle East: Nation-States (3) Cross listed as HIST 6430.
   Meets with HIST 4430 and MID E 4543. In-depth study of the recent history of individually selected Middle East countries. Examples: Egypt, Turkey, Iran, Algeria, and Lebanon.

6544  British and French Colonialism in the Middle East (3) Cross listed as HIST 6440.
   Meets with HIST 4440. An examination of the nature and process of British and French colonial activity in North Africa, the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Iran and their successor states in the Middle East in the 19th and 20th centuries.

6549  Major Issues in Middle Eastern History (3) Cross listed as HIST 6490.
   Meets with HIST 4490 and MID E 4549. Additional work required of graduate students. Islamic movements, Arab-Israeli conflict, Iranian Revolution, or other 20th century issues.

6550  The Urban Social History of the Arab Middle East: ca. 1750-1939 (3) Cross listed as HIST 6500.
   Meets with HIST 4500 and MID E 4550. Additional work required of graduate students. Surveys various aspects of socio-economic and political life in the major cities of the Arab Middle East, with special (but not exclusive) reference to Aleppo, Damascus, and Cairo. Topics will include sources for urban social history and the kinds of use that can be made of them; urban institutions; family histories; the growth of extra-urban land-holding; demographic and social change. A general familiarity with the history of the area in the 18th-20th centuries will be assumed.

6592  Special Studies in Middle Eastern History (3) Cross listed as HIST 6920.
   Content varies depending on instructor.

6644  Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict (3)
   Meets with POL S 5440 and MID E 5644. Graduate students should register for POL S 6440/MID E 6644 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. This course seeks to address one of the crucial issues of our age, the cultural pluralism embedded in most civil societies and the integrative impulses and the forces of disintegration-nationalism and ethnicity. Credit granted toward a MES degree only when the course is taught by Middle East faculty/instructor.

6645  Political Violence/Terrorism (3) Cross listed as POLS 6450.
   Meets with Pol S 5450 and MID E 5645. Graduate students should register for POL S 6450/MID E 6645 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Discussion of theories of violence from psychological, socioeconomic, religious, and other perspectives with a Middle East emphasis. It will also focus on the role of the media and state-sponsored violence.

6647  International Relations of the Middle East (3) Cross listed as POLS 6470. Recommended Prerequisite: POLS 2100 or 3800.
   Meets with POL S 5470 and MID E 5647. Graduate students will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Explores various international relations theories, such as realism, dependency, identity theory, and alliance formation to the behavior of Middle East states, the Arab-Israeli conflict, and the post-Cold War Middle East.

6684  Seminar: Middle East Politics (3)
   Meets with POL S 6840.

6696  Topics in Middle East Politics (3)
   Meets with POL S 5964 and MID E 5696. Graduate students registered for POL S 6964/MID E 6696 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Topics on cross-national political comparisons in the Middle East.

6704  Middle East Economic History (3) Cross listed as ECON 6400. Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent. Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 5530.
   Meets with ECON 5400 and MID E 5704. Graduate students will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Genesis, functioning, and development of Middle Eastern economic systems from earliest times to the 19th century. Contribution of these systems to world economic development; emphasis on critical theoretical approaches to the study of Middle Eastern economic history.

6713  Peoples and Cultures of the Middle East (3) Cross listed as ANTH 6131.
   Meets with ANTH 3131 and MID E 3713. Additional work required of graduate students. See ANTH 3131 for course description.

6723  Traditional Jewish Communities (3) Cross listed as ANTH 6132.
   Meets with ANTH 3132 and MID E 3723. Additional work required of graduate students. See ANTH 3132 for course description.

6733  Anthropology of Judaism (3) Cross listed as ANTH 6033.
   Meets with ANTH 3133 and MID E 3733. Additional work required of graduate students. See ANTH 3133 for course description.

6880  Special Topics (1 to 4)
   Course number used on as-needed basis. One use is for mini-seminars by visiting scholars.

6910  Directed Reading (1 to 3)
   Readings selected by student and designated professor to broaden student's background in area where no course is taught.

6970  Thesis Research MA (1 to 9)
   Selecting, designing, and researching an appropriate topic for master's thesis.

6980  Faculty Consultation: M.A. (3)
   Independent consultation with faculty for Masters students.

7125  Seminar in Arabic Linguistics: First Semester (3) Cross listed as ARAB 7250.
   Advanced work in topics in Arabic linguistics: dialectology, diglossia, morphology, phonology, and syntax.

7126  Seminar in Arabic Linguistics: Second Semester (3) Cross listed as ARAB 7251.
   Advanced work in topics in Arabic linguistics: dialectology, diglossia, morphology, phonology, and syntax.

7127  Teaching Arabic (3) Cross listed as ARAB 7252.
   This course will address both theoretical and practical issues related to the teaching of foreign languages at the college level with special reference to Arabic. In addition to discussing these issues, students will carry out a variety of assignments including development and evaluation of teaching and testing materials and observation of classes. Taught in English.

7180  Arabic Historical Texts (3) Cross listed as ARAB 7800. Prerequisite: ARAB 3020 or instructor's consent.
   Literary analysis of passages from historians who used Arabic language with particular skill and effect. Stylistic mannerism, vocabulary practice, and historiographic approach.

7181  Graduate Seminar (3) Cross listed as ARAB 7810.
   In-depth study of an author or authors, a topic, or a subject designed to give students experience in reading and analysis of primary Arabic sources, scholarly methodology, use of appropriate sources and tools, and formal expression of the results of such work in oral reports and writing. Previous topics include: Theory of Profane Love, 8th-17th C.; Arabic Drama; Hispano-Arabic Literature; Humor and Satire; Theory and Practice; Modern Literary Theory and the Study of Arabic Literature; Islam and the Natural World; Sources for the Study of Mysticism; The Muwatta' of Malik (8th C. handbook on law).

7182  Arabic Grammatical Tradition (3) Cross listed as ARAB 7820. Prerequisite: ARAB 3020.
   The topic of the seminar will be the Arab linguist who explicitly dealt with phonetic/phonological and syntactic issues. Treatises and sections of treatises that dealt with the above topics will be discussed. The course will emphasize the study of the Medieval Arab grammarians. The discussion will focus on the primary sources themselves.

7381  Graduate Seminar (3) Cross listed as PERS 7810.

7481  Graduate Seminar (3)
   Meets with TURK 7810. A comprehensive seminar on Turkish literature. Readings are in Turkish.

7574  Colloquium in Middle Eastern History (3) Cross listed as HIST 7740.
   Graduate readings and discussions of Middle Eastern research topics.

7578  Historiography of the Middle East (3) Cross listed as HIST 7780.

7589  Seminar in the Middle East (3) Cross listed as HIST 7890.
   Graduate discussions and research paper on classical or modern topics.

7970  Thesis Research: Ph.D (1 to 12)
   Selecting, designing and researching an appropriate topic for doctoral thesis.

7980  Faculty Consultation: Ph.D (3)
   Independent consultation with faculty for doctoral students.

7990  Continuing Registration: Ph.D (0)
   This course allows students who have been advanced to candidacy and are not using University facilities or consulting with faculty to keep their registration current. Department consent required. Limit of 4 semesters.