This Web document is updated twice a year, on or about the first day of registration for Fall and Spring semesters.

1060  The Political Economy of Race, Ethnicity, Class, and Gender (3) Cross listed as GNDR 1060. Fulfills Diversity.
   The evolution of racial, ethnic, class, and gender economic roles and outcomes in the context of capitalist development. Economic analysis of the role of market forces in reinforcing, changing, or diminishing differences among people. The role of social differences in promoting or constraining economic development.

1740  US Economic History (3) Fulfills American Institutions.
   Historical foundations of American economic growth and development from the colonial period to the present. Institutional and structural change and processes of growth.

2010  Principles of Microeconomics (3) Fulfills Social/Behavioral Science Exploration.
   Issues related to the production of goods and services. Questions addressed include what gets produced, how does production take place, and who gets the output. Micro theory helps answer these questions by analyzing markets and how consumers and producers make decisions.

2020  Principles of Macroeconomics (3) Fulfills Social/Behavioral Science Exploration.
   National and international economic issues relating to government policy, institutional structure, and economic stability. Basic models of growth, stability in employment and inflation, and goverment spending and monetary policy are developed and presented in historical context.

3100  Labor Economics (3) Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   Labor-market economics, wage theory, labor mobility, human-resource development, unionism, collective bargaining, employment, and public policy.

3200  Money and Banking (3) Prerequisite: College Algebra, ECON 2010 and 2020 or instructor's consent. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   Examines monetary and financial instruments, institutions, and markets from the perspectives of theory, practice, and policy. The major sections of the course are the history and evolution of the monetary and financial system, the modern financial system and banking money and finance in macroeconomic theory, and the conduct of monetary policy.

3250  Introduction to Environmental and Natural Resource Economics (3) Prerequisite: Students who have completed 4010 are strongly encouraged to take ECON 5250 instead of ECON 3250.
   Motivation for using the natural environment, externalities, the effects of different types of government regulation on firm behavior, consumer welfare, and the natural environment (including plants and animals), ethics of resource depletion, environmental degradation in developing countries.

3370  Markets & Government: The Economics of Cooperation (3) Prerequisite: College Algebra, ECON 2010 and 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Examines the nature of markets, the role of government, and their relationship in the modern economy. What do government and markets do well? What do they do poorly?

3500  International Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 (or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent) Fulfills Quantitative Intensive & International Requirement.
   History, institutions, and theory of international economic relations. Alternative theories relating to the pattern of international trade, commercial policy, relationships between national income and international trade and payments, balance-of-payments adjustment, international monetary arrangements, and foreign investment.

3540  Current Economic Problems (3)
   A focus on central problems in the domestic and world economy, with an emphasis on continuing problems, such as the budget and trade deficits, up-to-the-minute issues and the health of the current economy.

3620  Mathematics for Economists (3) Prerequisite: College Algebra, (MATH 1090 preferred), ECON 2010 and 2020. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   The use of mathematical language and techniques to formulate and solve problems in economics. Topics include linear algebra, differential and integral calculus, and constrained optimization.

3640  Probability and Statistical Inference for Economists (3) Prerequisite: College Algebra, (MATH 1090 preferred), ECON 2010 and 2020. Fulfills Quantitative Reasoning (Statistics/Logic).
   Frequency distributions, moments, sample spaces, random variables, probability distributions, sampling theory, estimators, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, two-variable regression models. Applications of computer software packages.

3700  Sports Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010.
   A variety of economic methods can be applied to sports. The class begins with a market analysis of the professional sports industry, including cost accounting, marketing strategies and profitability in the design of sporting venues. Regional analysis is used to understand the economic effect of building a new stadium. Econometric methods are used to relate sports performance statistics to athlete salaries and team profits. Professional teams have a natural tendency to become monopolies. The history of antitrust law has guaranteed market power for professional teams, but competition, other sports and other entertainment options limits that power. The wages and work of athletes are studied from the viewpoint of labor economics. Racial and gender discrimination is discussed as a historically important aspect of the professional athletic labor market. The economics of player's unions, league monopolies and contract negotiation is analyzed in terms of the theory of games. In many cases the analysis is extended to a discussion of reforms that are fairer and more efficient.

3904  Modes of Learning: Service Learning (1)
   When attached to a concurrent class, which has been approved for SL credit, then this course will provide enriched learning via service learning experiences.

3905  Modes of Learning: Writing & Communication in Econ (1)
   When attached to a concurrent class, which has been approved for CW credit, then this course will provide enriched learning via intensive writing and/or oral communication. This course cannot be used to fulfill major or minor requirements.

3960  Special Topics (1 to 3)
   Subjects vary. Topics to be specified when course is offered.

4010  Intermediate Microeconomic Analysis (3) Prerequisite: College Algebra, ECON 2010, 2020 and 3620 or instructor's consent. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   Neoclassical principles of resource allocation. Topics include choice theory, theory of the firm, introduction to general equilibrium and welfare economics, and theory of market structures policy application and formal techniques.

4020  Intermediate Macroeconomic Analysis (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 and College Algebra (or 1010 and instructor's consent). Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   Macroeconomic theories, models, and analysis focused on national income determination, unemployment, inflation, and public policy.

4650  Principles of Econometrics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 3620 and ECON 3640 Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   The study of regression models in economics. Topics include data analysis, statistical estimation, inference, and forecasting.

4999  Honors Thesis/Project (3)
   Restricted to students in the Honors Program working on an Honors degree.

5050  John Maynard Keynes (3) Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Meets with ECON 6050. Graduate students should register for ECON 6050 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. John Maynard Keynes, the last worldly philosopher, led a storied life as heretical theoretician, international statesperson, policy work, prolific writer, self-made millionaire, member of the Apostles and Bloomsberries. Aspects of his various careers will be examined by reading and discussing his original writings.

5060  History of Economic Doctrines (3)
   Meets with ECON 6060. Graduate students should register for ECON 6060 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economic doctrines, their social and philosophical preconceptions, and their uses in developing policy.

5080  Marxian Economics (3) Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Meets with ECON 6080. Graduate students should register for ECON 6080 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Foundations of Marx's analysis; technical economic theory and historical critique of capitalism.

5120  Labor Law and Collective Bargaining (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010.
   Meets with ECON 6120. Graduate students should register for ECON 6120 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. An exploration of the laws and policies that regulate and protect employers and employees in U.S. labor markets including labor-management relations, equal employment opportunity, wages and hours, safety and health, immigration, termination, income maintenance, and other topics.

5140  Discrimination in the Labor Markets (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020. Fulfills Diversity.
   Meets with ECON 6140. Graduate students should register for ECON 6140 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Examination of wage and employment discrimination in U.S. labor markets. Racial, ethnic, gender, age, religious, and other forms of discrimination may be considered. Emphasis on original, quantitative analysis of these issues; students will identify particular topics of interest to them, collect and analyze relevant data. Fulfills University's diversity requirement.

5170  Feminist Economics (3) Cross listed as GNDR 5170. Fulfills Diversity.
   Meets with ECON 6170. Graduate students should register for ECON 6170 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Theoretical and methodological issues associated with a feminist perspective on economics. Changing position of women in the world economy since the 19th-century; patterns of gender discrimination in various economies; and centrality of women's work to capitalist development.

5180  Poverty and Inequality (3)
   Meets with ECON 6180. Graduate students should register for ECON 6180 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economic theories of the causes of poverty and inequality, with a focus on the structure of the U.S. economy and recent economic trends. Policies to address these socioeconomic issues are addressed in light of theory.

5190  Health Economics (3)
   Meets with ECON 6190. Graduate students should register for ECON 6190 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economics of health care, health-care delivery systems, public and private health insurance, location of health facilities, and health-care inflation.

5240  Urban Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010.
   Meets with ECON 6240. Graduate students should register for ECON 6240 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. An economic analysis of the forces shaping the modern American city, which underlie urban problems and politics. An emphasis on public policy with applications to poverty, segregation, neighborhood decay, redevelopment, pollution, local taxes, and government services.

5250  Environmental and Natural Resource Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010 or all of the following: ECON 2010, 2020, 3250, and knowledge of college algebra. (With the instructor's consent, ECON 1010 may be used instead of 2010, 2020). Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 3620.
   Meets with ECON 6250. Graduate students should register for ECON 6250 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Air, water, and ground pollution; public policies to reduce pollution (including taxes, quotas, and tradable permits); destruction, valuation, and protection of natural environments and the species within them. The United States and other nations are considered. Also exploitation and depletion of nonrenewable energy and mineral resources; equity between different human generations; natural reproduction and human harvesting of fish and trees; extinction of species; entropy, thermodynamics, and the prospects for perpetual economic growth.

5260  Energy Policy Options for Utah (3)
   Meets with ECON 6260. The class takes a critical look at energy policies in order to find out why renewable energies have not yet take off in the USA, despite urgent need for them. It considers both sides in the debate between renewable portfolio standards and feed-in tariffs, and between carbon trading and carbon taxes. All forms of renewable energy will be discussed one by one, with special consideration of their availability in Utah: cost, environmental impact, other considerations, and policies appropriate with respect to that type of energy.

5300  Public Finance: Public Expenditures and Cost-Benefit Analysis (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ECON 6300. Graduate students should register for ECON 6300 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The economics of public services and their justification due to market failures. Modern welfare economics and its elaboration into cost-benefit analyses of public programs in theory and practice. Shortcomings of American government, including the tendency to overexpand, special interest politics, and budget deficits.

5360  Industrial Organization (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010.
   Meets with ECON 6360. Graduate students should register for 6360 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The course will cover the basic theory of industrial organization including such topics as mergers, vertical integration, nonlinear pricing, cartels, regulation, information economics, oligopoly theory, branded capital and advertising, and antitrust law.

5380  Law and Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010.
   This course meets with ECON 6380. Graduate students should register for ECON 6380 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Use of economics in the analysis of law, including the economics of contracts, torts, property, and criminal law. Some aspects of economic consulting for lawyers will be addressed. This course is recommended for economics majors who are planning to go to law school or intend to pursue a career in the legal field.

5400  Middle East Economic History (3) Cross listed as MID E 5704. Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020. Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 5530.
   Meets with ECON 6400 and MID E 6704. Graduate students should register for ECON 6400 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Genesis, functioning, and development of Middle Eastern economic systems from earliest times to the 19th century. The contribution of these systems to world economic development; emphasis on critical theoretical approaches to the study of Middle Eastern economic history.

5410  Survey of European Economic History (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 (or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent)
   Meets with ECON 6410. Graduate students should register for ECON 6410 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Major economic institutions in Europe from Middle Ages until end of 19th century; phenomenon of the Industrial Revolution in England and on the continent. Emphasis on the development of the central institutions of contemporary Western economies.

5420  China and the Global Economy (3)
   Meets with ECON 6420. The emergence of China a new global economic player is one of the most significant developments of contemporary world. Will the rise of China lead to the restoration of her historical leadership over the global economy? Will China fail to realize her development ambition because of the serious and developing social and environmental problems? What are the implications of the rise of China for the rest of the world and for the global system as a whole? This course discusses the economic interactions between China and the modern world system over the past two centuries and evaluates the future trends.

5430  Asian Economic History and Development (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020. Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 5530. Fulfills Communication Writing & International Requirement.
   Meets with ECON 6430 and HONOR 4701. Graduate students should register for ECON 6430 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Traditional aspects, impact of external influences and indigenous developments of Asian economies, 19th and 20th century development, and current policy. Emphasis frequently on subregional groups of nations.

5460  Latin American Economic History and Development (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent. Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 5530. Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Meets with ECON 6460. Graduate students should register for ECON 6460 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Historic and contemporary economic problems in Latin America from the conquest to the present dependency, independence, and integration into world economy. Emphasis on new forms of dependency in the macro economy and on contemporary domestic social problems.

5461  Topics in Latin American Economic History and Development (3) Pre-requisite: ECON 5460 or permission of instructor.
   Meets with ECON 6461. Graduate Students should register for 6461 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. This course builds on the broad background on Latin American economics establiished in ECON 5460, selecting a particular topic on Latin American economics to investigate in depth. Topics will vary from year to year. Examples of topics that will be offered include The Brazilian Economy, Latin American Financial Issues, Free Trade Agreements, and Alternatives to Neoliberalism (Venezuela and Cuba).

5470  Industrialization and Economic Development: The American Case (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 (or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent) Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Meets with ECON 6470. Graduate students should register for ECON 6470 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economic growth and development in United States from 19th through early 20th century. Growth due to industrialization and the accompanying evolution of economic institutions. Emphasis on understanding the particular sources and social consequences of American industrial development.

5500  Monetary Theory and Policy (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4020 or instructor consent. Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 3200 or 3500.
   Meets with ECON 6500. Graduate students should register for ECON 6500 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Traditional and modern theory concerning the role of money in economic activity, how Keynes' economics became Keynesian economics, and the continuing quest for theoretical understanding of monetary phenomena.

5510  International Monetary Relations (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4020 and 3200 or 3500 or instructor consent.
   Meets with ECON 6510. Graduate students should register for ECON 6510 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The international monetary system and open economy macroeconomics (history, theory, and practice): alternative standards, exchange rates, interest rates, inflation and unemployment, macroeconomic policies, competitive monies, and the political economy of international monetary arrangements.

5520  Multinational Firms: International Trade & Investment (3) Prerequisites: ECON 4010 and 4020.
   Meets with ECON 6520. A two part course, in sequence. Part I is a microeconomics focus, emphasizing firm and industrial organization, imperfect competition theory and empirical evidence; Part II is a macroeconomics focus, emphasizing national development interactions with the MNE and international trade and empirical evidence.

5530  Principles of Economic Development (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 (or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent)
   Meets with ECON 6530. Graduate students should register for ECON 6530 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Problems of poor countries, theories of economic development, development policies, and economic relations between rich and poor countries.

5540  Capitalism and Socialism (3)
   Meets with ECON 6540. Graduate students should register for ECON 6540 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Comparison of Utopian, Fabian, Marxian, and Democratic socialism and capitalism; comparison of Marxian and neo-Keynesian economic-growth theory; problems associated with central planning and free-market allocation.

5550  International Trade and Commercial Policy (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010.
   Meets with ECON 6550. Graduate students should register for ECON 6550 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Theoretically sophisticated (undergraduate) treatment of issues and theory: determinants of the pattern of trade; tests of trade theory models; growth and international trade; multinational firms; tariffs, quotas, subsidies; common markets and free trade agreements; international movement of technology and labor.

5560  Gender and Economic Development in the Third World (3) Cross listed as GNDR 5560.
   This course meets with ECON 6560. Graduate students should register for ECON 6560 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The impact of economic development on the gender division of labor and gender-based control over resources in the Third World. Case studies of rural transformation and agricultural development, rural-urban migration, urbanization and industrialization, economic crisis and population growth. Examines policies and political struggles aimed at reducing gender bias in development processes.

5950  Directed Reading (1 to 5)

5955  Independent Study (1 to 5)
   For upper-division students of high scholastic standing.

5960  Special Topics (1 to 4)

5969  Special Topics in Statistics (1 to 6) Cross listed as MGT 5969, ED PS 5969, FP MD 5969, MATH 5969, FCS 5969, PSY 5969, SOC 5969, STAT 5969.
   Topics vary. Taught by members of the University Statistics Committee. Check current class schedule for cross-listings.

6010  Microeconomics (3)
   No credit given to economics master's students. Neoclassical principles of resource allocation. Topics include choice theory, theory of the firm, introduction to general equilibrium and welfare economics, and theory of market structures; policy application and formal techniques.

6020  Macroeconomics (3)
   No credit given to economics master's students. Macroeconomic theories, models, and analysis focused on national income determination, unemployment, inflation, and public policy.

6050  John Maynard Keynes (3)
   Meets with ECON 5050. Graduate students should register for ECON 6050 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. John Maynard Keynes, the last worldly philosopher, led a storied life as heretical theoretician, international statesperson, policy work, prolific writer, self-made millionaire, member of the Apostles and Bloomsberries. Aspects of his various careers will be examined by reading and discussing his original writings.

6060  History of Economic Doctrines (3)
   Meets with ECON 5060. Graduate students should register for ECON 6060 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economic doctrines, their social and philosophical preconceptions, and their uses in developing policy.

6080  Marxian Economics (3)
   Meets with ECON 5080. Graduate students should register for ECON 6080 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Foundations of Marx's analysis; technical economic theory and historical critique of capitalism.

6120  Public Policy Towards Labor (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010.
   Meets with ECON 5120. Graduate students should register for ECON 6120 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. An exploration of the laws and policies that regulate and protect employers and employees in U.S. labor markets: labor-management relations, equal employment opportunity, wages and hours, safety and health, immigration, termination, income maintenance, and other topics.

6140  Discrimination in the Labor Markets (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020.
   Meets with ECON 5140. Graduate students should register for ECON 6140 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Examination of wage and employment discrimination in U.S. labor markets. Racial, ethnic, gender, age, religious, and other forms of discrimination may be considered. Emphasis on original, quantitative analysis of these issues: students will identify particular topics of interest to them and will collect and analyze relevant data. Fulfills University's diversity requirement.

6170  Feminist Economics (3)
   Meets with ECON 5170. Graduate students should register for ECON 6170 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Theoretical and methodological issues associated with a feminist perspective on economics. Changing position of women in the world economy since the 19th century; patterns of gender discrimination in various economies; and centrality of women's work to capitalist development.

6180  Poverty and Inequality (3)
   Meets with ECON 5180. Graduate students should register for ECON 6180 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economic theories of the causes of poverty and inequality, with a focus on the structure of the U.S. economy and recent economic trends. Policies to address these socioeconomic issues are addressed in light of theory.

6190  Health Economics (3)
   Meets with ECON 5190. Graduate students should register for ECON 6190 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economics of health care, health-care delivery systems, public and private health insurance, location of health facilities, and health-care inflation.

6240  Urban Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010.
   Meets with ECON 5240. Graduate students should register for ECON 6240 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. An economic analysis of the forces shaping the modern American city, which underlie urban problems and politics. An emphasis on public policy with applications to poverty, segregation, neighborhood decay, redevelopment, pollution, local taxes, and government services.

6250  Environmental and Natural Resource Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010 or all of the following: ECON 2010, 2020, 3250, and knowledge of college algebra. (With the instructor's consent, ECON 1010 may be used instead of 2010, 2020). Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 3620.
   Meets with ECON 5250. Graduate students should register for ECON 6250 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Air, water, and ground pollution; public policies to reduce pollution (including taxes, quotas, and tradable permits); destruction, valuation, and protection of natural environments and the species within them. The United States and other nations are considered. Also exploitation and depletion of nonrenewable energy and mineral resources; equity between different human generations; natural reproduction and human harvesting of fish and trees; extinction of species; entropy, thermodynamics, and the prospects for perpetual economic growth.

6260  Energy Policy Options for Utah (3)
   Meets with ECON 5260. The class takes a critical look at energy policies in order to find out why renewable energies have not yet take off in the USA, despite urgent need for them. It considers both sides in the debate between renewable portfolio standards and feed-in tariffs, and between carbon trading and carbon taxes. All forms of renewable energy will be discussed one by one, with special consideration of their availability in Utah: cost, environmental impact, other considerations, and policies appropriate with respect to that type of energy.

6300  Public Finance: Public Expenditures and Cost-Benefit Analysis (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 or instructor's consent.
   Meets with ECON 5300. Graduate students should register for ECON 6300 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The economics of public services and their justification due to market failures. Modern welfare economics and its elaboration into cost-benefit analyses of public programs in theory and practice. Shortcomings of American government, including the tendency to overexpand, special interest politics, and budget deficits.

6360  Industrial Organization (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010.
   Meets with ECON 5360. Graduate students should register for ECON 6360 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The basic theory of industrial organization; interrelationships among market structure, conduct, and performance; public policy, and empirical evidence.

6380  Law and Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010.
   Meets with ECON 5380. Graduate students should register for ECON 6380 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Use of economics in the analysis of law, including the economics of contracts, torts, property, and criminal law areas. Some aspects of economic consulting for lawyers will be addressed. This course is recommended for economics majors who are planning to go to law school or intend to pursue a career in the legal field.

6400  Middle East Economic History (3) Cross listed as MID E 6704. Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 or ECON 5530 or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent.
   Meets with ECON 5400 and MID E 5704. Graduate students will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Genesis, functioning, and development of Middle Eastern economic systems from earliest times to the 19th century. Contribution of these systems to world economic development; emphasis on critical theoretical approaches to the study of Middle Eastern economic history.

6410  Survey of European Economic History (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 and College Algebra (or 1010 and instructor's consent).
   Meets with ECON 5410. Graduate students should register for ECON 6410 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Major economic institutions in Europe from Middle Ages until end of 19th century; phenomenon of the Industrial Revolution in England and on the continent. Emphasis on the development of the central institutions of contemporary Western economies.

6420  China and the Global Economy (3)
   Meets with ECON 5420. The emergence of China a new global economic player is one of the most significant developments of contemporary world. Will the rise of China lead to the restoration of her historical leadership over the global economy? Will China fail to realize her development ambition because of the serious and developing social and environmental problems? What are the implications of the rise of China for the rest of the world and for the global system as a whole? This course discusses the economic interactions between China and the modern world system over the past two centuries and evaluates the future trends.

6430  Asian Economic History and Development (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 or ECON 5530 or ECON 1010 and instructor's consent.
   Meets with ECON 5430. Graduate students should register for ECON 6430 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Traditional aspects, impact of external influences and indigenous developments of Asian economies; 19th and 20th century development and current policy. Emphasis frequently on subregional groups of nations.

6460  Latin American Economic History and Development (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020. Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 5530.
   Meets with ECON 5460. Graduate students should register for ECON 6460 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Historic and contemporary economic problems in Latin America from the "conquest" to the present; dependency, independence and integration into world economy. Emphasis on new forms of dependency in the macro economy and on contemporary domestic social problems.

6461  Topics in Latin American Economic History and Development (3)
   Meets with ECON 5461. Graduate Students should register for 6461 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. This course builds on the broad background on Latin American economics established in ECON 5460, selecting a particular topic on Latin American economics to investigate in depth. Topics will vary from year to year. Examples of topics that will be offered include The Brazilian Economy, Latin American Financial Issues, Free Trade Agreements, and Alternative to Neoliberalism (Venezuela and Cuba).

6470  Industrialization and Economic Development: The American Case (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 and College Algebra (or 1010 and instructor's consent).
   Meets with ECON 5470. Graduate students should register for ECON 6470 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Economic growth and development in United States from 19th through early 20th century. Growth due to industrialization and the accompanying evolution of economic institutions. Emphasis on understanding the particular sources and social consequences of American industrial development.

6500  Monetary Theory and Policy (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4020 or instructor consent. Recommended Prerequisite: ECON 3200 or 3500.
   Meets with ECON 5500. Graduate students should register for ECON 6500 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Traditional and modern theory concerning the role of money in economic activity, how Keynes' economics became Keynesian economics, and the continuing quest for theoretical understanding of monetary phenomena.

6510  International Monetary Relations (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4020 and 3200 or 3500 or instructor consent.
   Meets with ECON 5510. Graduate students should register for ECON 6510 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. The international monetary system and open economy macroeconomics (history, theory, and practice): alternative standards, exchange rates, interest rates, inflation and unemployment, macroeconomic policies, competitive monies, and the political economy of international monetary arrangements.

6520  Multinational Firms: International Trade & Investment I (3) Prerequisites: ECON 4010 and 4020.
   Meets with 5520. A two part course, in sequence. Part I is a microeconomics focus, emphasizing firm and industrial organization, imperfect competition theory and empirical evidence; Part II is a macroeconomics focus, emphasizing national development interactions with the MNE and international trade and empirical evidence.

6530  Principles of Economic Development (3) Prerequisite: ECON 2010 and 2020 and College Algebra (or 1010 and instructor's consent).
   Meets with ECON 5530. Graduate students should register for ECON 6530 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Problems of poor countries, theories of economic development, development policies, and economic relations between rich and poor countries.

6540  Capitalism and Socialism (3)
   Meets with ECON 5540. Graduate students should register for ECON 6540 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Comparison of Utopian, Fabian, Marxian, and Democratic socialism and capitalism; comparison of Marxian and neo-Keynesian economic-growth theory; problems associated with central planning and free-market allocation.

6550  International Trade and Commercial Policy (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010.
   Meets with ECON 5550. Graduate students should register for ECON 6550 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Theoretically sophisticated (undergraduate) treatment of issues and theory: determinants of the pattern of trade; tests of trade theory models; growth and international trade; multinational firms; tariffs, quotas, subsidies; common markets and free trade agreements; international movement of technology and labor.

6560  Gender and Economic Development in the Third World (3)
   Meets with ECON 5560. Graduate students should register for ECON 6560 and will be held to higher standards and/or additional work. Cross-listed as WM ST 5560. The impact of economic development on the gender division of labor and gender-based control over resources in the Third World. Case studies of rural transformation and agricultural development, rural-urban migration, urbanization and industrialization, economic crisis and population growth. Examines policies and political struggles aimed at overthrowing gender bias in development processes.

6610  Microeconomics for Master's Students (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4010 or equivalent and ECON 3620, 3640, and 4650.
   Calculus recommended. Non-economics majors with a strong math background contact instructor. Theoretical demand and supply issues with emphasis on application. Topics include intertemporal choice, uncertainty and insurance, risky assets, consumer surplus, household production theory, firm cost, production theory and duality, oligopoly firm theory, and general equilibrium and welfare economics.

6620  Macroeconomics for Master's Students (3) Prerequisite: ECON 4020 or equivalent and 4650 or equivalent.
   For students in the economics master's program. Aggregate demand determination of income and employment, government stabilization policy, interest rates and monetary policy, demand-pull and cost-push inflation, stagflation, cyclical fluctuations, recession, political constraints on fiscal and monetary policy, macro growth, and income distribution. Analytical models and policy implications.

6630  Applied Econometrics (3) Prerequisite: College algebra and Elementary calcalus. ECON 4010, 4020, 4650 and 6610.
   Application of multiple regression analysis to financial models, costs and production models, hedonic price models, labor demand, investment demand, and similar micro- and macro-economic models. The applications involve the use of data sources and computer software packages.

6950  Directed Readings: Master's (1 to 5)

6955  Research Methods: Master's (1 to 9)

6960  Special Topics (1 to 4)

6969  Special Topics in Statistics (1 to 6) Cross listed as MGT 6969, STAT 6969, ED PS 6969.
   Current topics in statistical methods. Prerequisites vary depending on the topic. Course format may be lecture, lab, or group projects.

6970  Thesis Research: Master's (1 to 9)

6980  Faculty Consultation (3)

7001  Quantitative & Qualitative Analysis of Contemporary Economic Problems (3) Prerequisite: ECON 3620.
   Specifically designed for economists. Set theory, linear algebra, differential calculus of many variables, optimization.

7002  Quantitative Methods II (3) Prerequisite: ECON 3650 or equivalent.
   Specifically designed for economists. Integral calculus of many variables, differential and difference equations.

7003  Political Economy and Critique I (3)
   A survey of the writings of Karl Marx and the foundations of Marxian economics.

7004  Political Economy and Critique II (3)
   Theories and issues in modern Marxian economics.

7005  Microeconomic Theory I (3)
   Mathematically rigorous introduction to the neoclassical theory of the consumer, the firm, and partial equilibrium. Special topics may include the economics of uncertainty and information, game theory, or asset markets.

7006  Microeconomic Theory II (3) Prerequisite: ECON 7005.
   The general equilibrium in an exchange economy of utility maximizing consumers and profit maximizing producers. The approach throughout is that of the neoclassical paradigm. Theorems of welfare economics provide a normative content and lead to a discussion of social welfare and social choice. The analysis of market failure provides a rationale for government intervention, including the collective provision of public goods, taxes to correct for externalities, and social insurance.

7007  Macroeconomic Theory I (3)

7008  Macroeconomic Theory II (3) Prerequisite: ECON 7007.

7020  International Economics I (3)
   Seminar topics may include basic theorems of modern theory of international trade; empirical testing; gains from trade; policy interventions; classical and heterodox alternatives; factor and technology transfer; trade and growth; regional trade agreements; trade and market structure; transnational enterprise; new trade theory.

7021  International Monetary Economics II (3)
   International monetary theory and policy and open economy macroeconomics.

7100  Industrial Organization I (3)
   Meets with FINAN 7090. Graduate level theory of industrial organization. The course will emphasize game theoretic approaches to microeconomics. The course will cover some or all of the following topics: game theory, monopoly, oligopoly, mergers, vertical restraints, price discrimination, vertical integration, product differentiation, auctions, empirical analysis of market structure, technological change, antitrust law, and regulated industries.

7101  Industrial Organization II (3) Prerequisite: ECON 7100.
   A continuation of ECON 7100 covering advanced topics in signaling, agency, econometrics, game theory, financial economics, and other topics.

7150  Labor and Human Resources (3)
   A historical, comparative, and analytical examination of labor market functions, institutions, and policies.

7170  Political Economy of Gender (3)
   A survey of alternative approaches to the study of gender inequalities in capitalist societies. Objectives are threefold: 1) Consider the relationship between feminism and economics, and evaluate the ways in which gender is introduced into economic theories; 2) Examine competing theories of the household and of gender inequalities in capitalist labor markets and the empirical evidence for these theories; 3) Evaluate economic and social policy issues concerning gender. Intersections of gender with class and race will be one focal point of analysis.

7180  Gender and Third World Development (3)
   Examines the role of gender in the process of economic development in the Third World. Objectives are twofold: 1) Evaluation of various approaches to women and gender in the Third World, and the ways in which gender is and may be incorporated in development economics; 2) Examination of the impact of development processes on gender differentiation, and the reciprocal impact of gender differences on development outcomes. Drawing upon case studies from various regions, the focus will be on gender divisions of work and gender inequalities in the context of capitalist development in agriculture, subsistence production, rural-urban migration, urbanization and industrialization, economic crises, population growth, and macroeconomic outcomes. Central to each topic is the evaluation of policy issues and political strategies to overcome gender bias.

7250  Advanced Environmental and Natural Resource Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 7005.
   Methods of curtailing pollution and alleviating environmental damage both internationally and domestically. Issues of environment and development equity, valuation and distribution. Also ecology and mathematical biology; dynamic equilibria of fishing and timber industries; depletion of nonrenewable resources. Intergenerational and intragenerational equity; species' extinction; entropy and thermodynamics; the future of economic growth.

7300  Public Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 7005.
   The theoretical foundations of public economics. Normative analysis for government services emphasizing market failure with cost-benefit analyses of proposals for public intervention. Extension of cost-benefit analysis to include equity as well as efficiency goals. Economics of taxation, transfer payments, and financing public debt from positive and normative points of view. An evaluation of the most important federal taxes with respect to incidence, equity, and efficiency.

7320  Advanced Health Economics (3) Prerequisite: ECON 7005.
   Critical evaluation of theories regarding the production of health, cost of illness, the finance and delivery of health services, and public policy.

7400  Economic History I (3)
   Economic History of the U.S. in the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Topics vary, but will generally focus on issues related to labor and "social history," including the effect of industrialization on the standard of living, the development of labor relations, race and gender inequality, and economic - demographic interrelationships.

7500  Advanced Monetary Theory (3)
   Money is what money does. The historical reasons why money is used in the commerce of our economy rather than other assets are many and range from practical to institutional to theoretical. Controversies are endemic.

7560  Economic Development I (3)
   Alternative paradigms of economic development theory, policy, and readings of historical/empirical evidence. The paradigms will include the orthodox, structuralist, Marxian, and feminist approaches to development. Topics will include uneven development, structural change, technology, trade and industrialization, agriculture, household production, institutional change, macroeconomic models of development, natural resources and the environment, demographics, gender, and development.

7561  Economic Development II (3)
   Alternative paradigms of economic development theory, policy and readings of historical/empirical evidence. The paradigms will include the orthodox, structuralist, Marxian, and feminist approaches to development. Topics will include uneven development, structural change, technology, trade and industrialization, agriculture, household production, institutional change, macroeconomic models of development, natural resources and the environment, demographics, gender, and development.

7590  Econometrics (3)
   Ordinary least squares, maximum likelihood, constrained estimation, systems of equations, generalized least squares, and regression diagnostics. Application-oriented.

7600  History of Economic Doctrines I (3)
   A two-semester sequence of seminars devoted to critically surveying economics and economists in an institutional and historical setting.

7601  History of Economic Doctrines II (3)
   A two-semester sequence of seminars devoted to critically surveying economics and economists in an institutional and historical setting.

7800  Econometrics I (3)
   Probability, conditional probability, distributions, transformation of probability densities, sufficient statistics, limit theorems, estimation principles, maximum likelihood estimation, interval estimation and hypothesis testing, least squares estimation, linear constraints.

7801  Econometrics II (3) Prerequisite: ECON 7800
   Generalized least squares, regression diagonostics, multicollinearity, distributed lags, choice of regressors, flexible functional form, instrumental variables, timeseries, systems of equations, pooling cross-sectional and time series models, qualitative and limited dependent variables, resampling, robust estimation, and/or others. Assignments include computer work.

7950  Independent Study: Ph.D. Students (1 to 5)

7960  Special Topics: Ph.D. (1 to 5)

7970  Thesis Research: Ph.D. (1 to 20)

7980  Faculty Consultation: Ph.D. (3)

7990  Continuing Registration: Ph.D. (0)