This Web document is updated twice a year, on or about the first day of registration for Fall and Spring semesters.

1001  Biology and Society (3) Fulfills Physical/Life Science Foundation.
   Study of biology through investigations of biological issues that impact you and your surroundings. Issues include human population growth, genetic engineering, and health and health care. Intended to provide students with an understanding of the biological concepts that will help them make decisions as citizens.

1005  Introductory Biology Laboratory (2) Prerequisite: BIOL 1001 or 1000 (can be taken concurrently).
   Introductory laboratory course consisting of experiment modules covering each of the core subjects of cell biology, genetics, animal biology, plant biology, ecology and evolution, and biochemistry. Each module will introduce a few basic methods and apply these methods to investigate an experimental question or illustrate an improtant biological principle. One 3-hour lab session and one hour of discussion per week.

1006  The World of Dinosaurs (3) Cross listed as GEO 1006. Fulfills Physical/Life Science Foundation.
   Dinosaurs are the most celebrated fossil organisms. These remarkably diverse and successful animals inhabited every major continent, persisted more than 150 million years, and evolved numerous bizarre forms of varying body sizes. This course presents an overview of the major dinosaur groups and places them into temporal, biogeographic, and ecological context. Topics include modes of preservation, feeding adaptations, social behavior, evolution, extinction, and the origin of birds. Dinosaurs are also used as a vehicle to introduce the scientific method.

1020  Ecology and Global Change (3)
   Global changes are occurring at an unprecedented rate. In this course we will study the impact of global warming, a changing atmosphere, land-use changes, and other human-related activities on the Earth's biological systems. An emphasis is placed on understanding the linkages between biological and physical processes and the role of humans in the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Current issues such as climate change, biodiversity, species extinction, sustainability, and the provision of ecosystem goods and services are examined from a scientific basis with the goal of understanding how these issues impact society.

1075  Advance Placement Biology Laboratory (1)
   This laboratory course is designed to introduce high school students to a college level biology course that complements the preparatory course to the Advance Placement test offered by the student's high school. There are 12 exercises intended to challenge the students' abilities to understand experimental problems, develop hypotheses, conduct experiments and analyze the data from these experiments.

1085  Advanced Placement Biology Laboratory (1)
   This laboratory course is designed to introduce high school students to a college level biology course that complements the preparatory course to the Advance Placement test offered by the student's high school. There are 12 exercises intended to challenge the students' abilities to understand experimental problems, develop hypotheses, conduct experiments and analyze the data from these experiments.

1310  The World of Insects (3) Fulfills Physical/Life Science Foundation.
   This course is designed to make students aware of and appreciate the importance of insects. Insects are the dominant group of multicellular organisms on the planet, and have a direct impact on all human life, yet they are a mystery to the average person. The broad general review of topics in insect behavior, physiology, conservation, ecology and evolution is intended for undergraduate level students interested in augmenting their scientific background.

1320  Introductory Human Physiology (5) Recommended Prerequisite: CHEM 1110.
   An introduction to human physiology that also includes essential background topics from general biology. Intended primarily for students in nursing and other health related fields. Does not satisfy or count toward any requirement with the biology major. Students with background in biology at least equivalent in BIOL 1000 are advised to take BIOL 2320 instead, and only one of the two (1320 or 2320) can be taken for credit.

1330  Plants and Society (3) Fulfills Physical/Life Science Foundation.
   This course will survey the plants useful or harmful to humans and will explore their origins and history, botanical relationships and constituents that make them economically important. This course is suitable for non-majors with no previous biology experience.

1400  Introduction to Environmental Science (3) Fulfills Physical/Life Science Foundation.
   Introduction to ecological principles that underlie environmental science and natural resource conservation. Examination of the environment as the context for human activities. Discussion of human effects on ecosystems.

1410  Biology of Evolution (3) Fulfills Physical/Life Science Foundation.
   An investigation of organic evolution, how it works, and its impact on society. Philosophical aspects include the role of genetic, environmental and cultural diversity, and differences between biological and cultural evolution.

1960  Topics in Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

2010  Evolution & Diversity of Life (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 1000.
   The evolution of reproductive, physiologic, and morphologic diversity from the beginning of life through the origins of major lineages of organisms.

2015  Evolution and Diversity Laboratory (1) Prerequisite: BIOL 1000. Co-requisite: BIOL 2010.
   Observational studies of the major lineages of organisms including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals.

2020  Principles of Cell Biology (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 1000 (or equivalent) and BIOL 2010, and CHEM 1210.
   Structure of cells and organelles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, function of cellular components, cell shape and movement, and differentiation and development in cell systems.

2021  Principles of Cell Science (4) Pre-requisite: BIOL 1000 or instructor permission.
   Lectures will explore the relationship between cell structure and function, using examples from prokaryotes and eukaryotes (plants, animals, and fungi). Discussions will focus on the experimental foundation underlying current models of cell structure and function, and the impact of advances in cell science on modern society.

2030  Genetics (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2020 or instructor's consent.
   Study of classical genetics including the rules of inheritance, transmission genetics, and genes in populations. Also covers molecular analysis of gene structure, function, expression, and evolution.

2115  Basic Techniques Laboratory (2) Prerequisite: Acceptance into BIOL URP program.
   Pipetting, pH meter, balances, gel electrophoresis, centrifuge, bacterial growth, plating, and mixing solutions. Prepares student to work in research laboratory.

2210  Human Genetics (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 1000 or equivalent. Fulfills Physical/Life Science Integration.
   Principles of genetics with emphasis on human examples and applications. Covers Mendelian inheritance, the molecular basis of gene function, genetic engineering, population genetics and evolution. Considerable attention is given to the process of scientific inquiry and to relevant social issues.

2315  Human Anatomy (4) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 1000 or 1320.
   Rigorous, in-depth coverage of structure and function of the human body. Laboratories use prosected human body parts.

2320  Human Physiology (4) Recommended Prerequisite: CHEM 1210 and BIOL 1000 or equivalent.
   Principles of human function.

2325  Human Physiology Laboratory (1) Recommended Co-requisite: BIOL 2320.
   One three-hour laboratory weekly. Optional physiology laboratory. Blood, cardiovascular, respiratory, nerve-muscle, endocrine, reproductive, digestive, sensory, immune, clinical molecular techniques.

2355  Field Botany (2)
   The botany and ecology of our regional flora from alpine tundra to salt desert habitats. Numerous afternoon field trips provide the context for learning techniques of plant identification as well as ecological and land use issues concerning Utah's plant communities.

2400  Principles of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation (3) Fulfills Physical/Life Science Integration.
   Wildlife population principles and habitat relationships. Current wildlife management practices and research techniques. Human effects on wildlife populations.

2870  Faculty Research Seminar (1)
   Open to all undergraduates. Familiarizes students with faculty research in all areas of biological science.

3050  Mathematics in Medicine (3) Cross listed as MATH 3050. Prerequisites: MATH 1170 and 1180, or MATH 1210 and 1220. Fulfills QR (Math&Stat/Log) & Phys/Life Sci Integration.
   The course is designed to give students the quantitative tools needed to understand and solve problems and models in the medical sciences, using examples from pharmaceutics, epidemiology, and physiology. The class format will be a combination of lectures and discussion sessions.

3080  Pre-dental Orientation (4)
   Basic course in dental terminology, tooth morphology, materials, and instrument handling. Overview of dental college and dental profession.

3115  Computer Applications: Cell Biology Laboratory (2) Recommended Prerequsite: BIOL 2020 and PHYCS 2020.
   Fundamentals of electronic and optical instruments used in biological research, and the use of the computer to acquire, process, and display data from instruments, applied principally in cell-physiology experiments.

3125  Molecular Tools for Evolutionary and Population Biology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2020 and 2030.
   Laboratory course. DNA extracted from individual organisms and characterized for PCR and RFLP polymorphism. Interesting DNA regions cloned and sequenced. Results from different individuals cloned and polymorphic structure of population examined.

3210  General and Pathogenic Microbiology (4) Cross listed as PATH 3010. Prerequisite: CHEM 1110, 1120 and BIOL 2020
   Medical microbiology for students in health professions. The topics include molecular approaches to viral and bacterial pathogenicity, introduction to host immunological responses to pathogens, and theories of antibiotic action.

3215  Cell Biology Laboratory (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2020.
   Experimental analysis of cell structure and function. Note: students may enroll concurrently in BIOL 5215 and carry out more extensive and independent experiments.

3230  Developmental Biology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 2020 and 2030.
   Basic patterns of development in representative animals and plants. Cellular, molecular, and genetic bases of mechanisms underlying morphogenesis and differential gene expression. Experimental evidence supporting these mechanisms and methods used to expand understanding of development.

3235  Developmental Biology Laboratory (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3230.
   This lab exposes students to the experimental basis for our understanding of development in animals. Students replicate classical experiments of developmental biology using a variety of model organisms including (but not limited to) sea urchins and amphibians.

3240  Introduction to Cellular Neurobiology (3) Recommended Prerequsite: BIOL 2020 and PHYCS 2020.
   Introduction to the anatomy, physiology, and chemistry of nervous systems at the cellular level.

3245  Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3240 or Co-requisite.
   Methods and instrumentation of neurobiology; emphasizes electrophysiology with computerized data acquisition and control.

3250  Cancer Biology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2020 and 2030. Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Recently it has become clear that cancer is caused by a series of DNA mutations that either occurred in individual cells during our lives or were inherited by all our cells. The vulnerable genes encode molecules that control cellular growth and behavior. We will study the normal role of these genes, the changes that occur in cancer cells, and what this suggests for prevention and treatment. In addition to recent molecular research on cells, we will also examine the important clues about cancer that have from the study of tumor viruses and of the incidence rates of specific cancers in human populations.

3310  Comparative Vertebrate Morphology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 2020.
   Evolution of vertebrate structure with emphasis on current functional and evolutionary interpretations. Introduction to vertebrate biomechanics.

3315  Comparative Vertebrate Morphology Laboratory (1) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 2020. Recommended Co-requisite: BIOL 3310.
   Survey of vertebrate evolution and structure.

3320  Comparative Physiology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010.
   Physiological mechanisms of animals with emphasis on vertebrates: Neural and hormonal control, musculoskeletal function, cardiopulmonary function, energetics, thermoregulation, and osmoregulation.

3325  Comparative Physiology Laboratory (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010, 2015, and 3320.
   Experimental analysis of physiological principles and mechanisms in animals. Design experiments, collect and interpret data gathered using both classical and contemporary physiological techniques. Entire class meets each week for one hour of lecture and discussion. Each section will then meet for four hours of laboratory on one afternoon per week.

3330  Behavioral Neurobiology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010.
   This course will provide a basic understanding of issues such as: 1) how information is acquired by sensory systems, coded and processed by the central nervous system, 2) how sensory information is translated to motor commands, 3) motor pattern generation, 4) role of experience in shaping organization of brain.

3340  Introduction to Plant Biology (4) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 2020 and 2030.
   Introduction to the development, physiology, and structure of plants. Topics include plant genetics and molecular biology, plant cell structure and function, photosynthesis, plant morphogenesis and physiology, plant structure, plant reproduction, transport, and plant diversity.

3345  Plant Biology Laboratory (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010. Recommended Co-requisite: BIOL 3340.
   Introduction to experimental aspects of plant biology, including basic laboratory skills, plant genetics, metabolism, structure, and evolution.

3350  Physiology of Plants (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 2020, or instructor's consent.
   Physiological characteristics of plants; some emphasis on metabolism and characteristics that distinguish plant and animal metabolism and physiology.

3360  Vertebrate Embryology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 or 2315.
   Vertebrate body plan and its morphogenesis from conception to birth. Comparative approach with emphasis on mammals. Teratology considered only when it contributes to understanding of development. Students must have completed a course in anatomy prior to enrollment.

3410  Ecology and Evolution (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 2020 and 2030 and either MATH 1170 or 1210. Recommended Co-requisite: MATH 1180 or 1070.
   Causes and consequences of adaptation. Competitive, exploitative, and mutualistic interactions among species; community structure and dynamics; ecosystem processes; variation and selection; speciation; biogeography; evolution of life histories and social interactions. Experimental and comparative methods for testing hypotheses.

3415  Ecology Laboratory (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2010. Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Generation and testing of ecological hypotheses in laboratory and field experiments. Topics include species variation and natural history, mimicry and frequency dependence, plant chemistry and herbivory, predator-prey dynamics, and competition models.

3430  Behavioral Ecology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and either MATH 1170 or 1210.
   Introduction to evolutionary biology of behavior, social interaction, and life histories in animals and plants. Satisfies the ecology/evolutionary biology distribution requirement for biology majors.

3450  Rain Forest Ecology and Conservation (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 1000 or equivalent. Fulfills Physical/Life Science Integration.
   Introduction to tropical rain forests, biodiversity, and conservation issues.

3460  Global Environmental Issues (3) Fulfills Physical/Life Science Integration.
   Examination of the world in terms of natural resource consumption, environmental quality, and global change. Techniques in analyzing and evaluating information. Survey of environmental ethics, human population growth, human impact on the chemistry of the atmosphere, water, energy resources, agricultural productivity, and biodiversity. Service-learning.

3475  Biology of Environmental Issues (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and either MATH 1070 or 1170.
   Case studies used to illustrate environmental issues for which there is a major biological component.

3510  Biological Chemistry I (3) Cross listed as CHEM 3510. Prerequisite: BIOL 2020, 2030, CHEM 2320.
   Structure and function of biomolecules, metabolism, and regulation.

3515  Biological Chemistry Laboratory (2) Cross listed as CHEM 3515. Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3510. Recommended Co-requisite: BIOL 3520.
   Laboratory designed to follow or be taken concurrently with CHEM/BIOL 3520. One hour lecture and one 4-hour lab per week.

3520  Biological Chemistry II (3) Cross listed as CHEM 3520. Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3510 and CHEM 3510.
   A continuation of Biological Chemistry I. Nucleic acid structure, protein and nucleic acid biosynthesis and signal transduction.

3525  Nucleic Acids Biochemistry Lab (3) Cross listed as CHEM 3525. Recommended Prerequisite: CHEM 3510 or BIOL 3510.
   Experimental study of nucleic acids biochemistry, with emphasis on mechanisms of DNA damage and repair. One hour-long lecture and two 4-hr. laboratory sessions per week.

3900  Teaching of Biology (2) Prerequisite: Junior standing in BIOL.
   Exploring effective means of instruction, emphasizing the challenges and opportunities associated with teaching biology.

3960  Special Topics in Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest, varies from year to year.

4876  Journal Club Seminar (1)
   Students present seminars from current literature in biological research.

4950  Directed Reading (1 to 5)
   Topics by arrangement with individual faculty chosen by student.

4955  Individual Research (1 to 12)
   Research credit by student arrangement with individual faculty and Biology Advising Office.

4960  Communication in Biology (2)
   An experiential course in the analysis, summarization and presentation of biological information, both in written and spoken media.

4995  Biology Honors Research (1 to 4)
   Research fulfilling Biology requirement for College of Science Honors. Restricted to students in the College of Science Honors Program.

4996  Biology Honors Seminar (1) Prerequisite: BIOL 2870.
   Oral presentations of research completed in BIOL 4995. Restricted to students in the College of Science Honors Program.

4999  Honors Thesis/Project (3) Prerequisite: Restricted to Honors Program. Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Restricted to students in the Honors Program working on their Honors degree.

5011  Mathematical Biology I (3) Cross listed as MATH 5110. Fulfills Quant Reason(Math & Stat/Log) & Quant Intensive BS.
   Mathematical modeling in the biological and medical sciences. Topics will include continuous and discrete dynamical systems describing interacting and structured populations, resource management, biological control, reaction kinetics, biological oscillators and switches, and the dynamics of infectious diseases.

5012  Mathematical Biology II (3) Cross listed as MATH 5120. Fulfills Quant Reason(Math & Stat/Log) & Quant Intensive BS.
   Mathematical models of spatial processes in biology including pattern formation in the embryo and during tissue differentiation, applications of traveling waves to population dynamics, epidemiology, and chemical reactions, and models for neural patterns.

5110  Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3510 or CHEM 3510.
   Recombinant-DNA principles and techniques; background biology. Basic enzymology of DNA (restriction and modification, sealing, reverse transcription, nick translation, end labeling, etc.), cloning plasmids and their replication, bacteriophage, and basic methodologies.

5130  Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3340.
   Molecular biology, biochemistry, and metabolism with emphasis on features specifically characteristic of plants.

5210  Cell Structure and Function (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2020.
   Relations between structure and function in animal cells. Membranes and permeability, structural componentsand motility, cell division, and hormone receptors and functions.Reading from current research literature.

5215  Cell Biology Advanced Projects Laboratory (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3215. Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   Learning tools of cell biology to study malignant transformation in culture, cell culture, organelles, chromosomes, genes, and gene expression.

5220  Molecular Neuroscience (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3240.
   Analysis of mechanisms that generate and propagatenerve impulses (basic electrophysiology). Experimental foundations of present concepts. Historical development of ideas and original research literature.

5221  Human Evolutionary Genetics (3) Cross listed as ANTHR 5221. Prerequisite: One semester of calculus. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   Meets with ANTHR 4411; additional work required of graduate students. See ANTHR 4221 for course description. An introduction to population genetics with applications to human genetic data.

5230  Mechanisms of Development (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3230.
   Cellular, molecular, and genetic approaches to the analysis of development in complex eukaryotes. Important experimental systems and representative problems at the forefront of current research are explored in depth.

5240  Plant Developmental Biology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3230 or 3340.
   Cellular and molecular bases of plant development.

5255  Prokaryotic Genetics (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2020, 2030 or instructor's consent.
   Project-oriented lecture/laboratory on use of experimental and analytical tools of modern genetics using bacteria and their viruses. Students work in small groups on independent projects and spend an average of five hours weekly in laboratory.

5265  Eukaryotic Genetics (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2020 and 2030.
   Advanced course on specialized topics. One lecture and an open laboratory weekly (using Drosophila or C. elegans as laboratory organisms). Cis-acting regulatory elements governing gene expression, mutations affecting early development, and clonal inheritance of gene expression states. Hands-on exercises in genetic fundamentals. Each student carries out an extensive genetic experiment.

5280  Biological Microscopy (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 or instructor's consent.
   Practical aspects of microscopy as applied to research problems in biology.

5285  Biological Microscopy Laboratory (1 to 3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 or instructor's consent.
   Individual student project that applies microscopy techniques covered in BIOL 5280 to a problem in biology.

5290  Fundamentals of Biological Microscopy (1) Prerequisite: BIOL 2020.
   Meets with BIOL 6290. Lecture course providing a foundation in the essentials of microscopy and imaging, including digital imaging, for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Meets 2 hrs. per week for one half-semester.

5312  Human Dissection (1 to 4) Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   General dissections of adult human cadavers; preparation of specific prosections for didactic purposes.

5313  Teaching Anatomy (1 to 2) Prerequisite: BIOL 2315 or instructor's consent.
   Credit for experience as teaching assistant or teaching apprentice in BIOL 231.

5314  Anatomy Colloquium (1) Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   Presentation and discussion of advanced topics in vertebrate- human anatomy and morphogenesis. Experience as anatomy teaching assistant or apprentice required.

5315  Advanced Human Anatomy (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 2315.
   Design and organization of the human peripheral nervous system and its connections to the central nervous system. Establishes strong foundation for clinical neuroanatomy, incorporating solid biological principles of anatomy.

5316  Anatomy and Physiology Colloquium (1) Prerequisite: Human anatomy and/or human physiology plus professor permission.
   Presentation and discussion of advanced topics in vertebrate structure and function. Experience as an anatomy TA, physiology TA, or instructor's permission required.

5330  Neural Mechanisms of Behavior (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3330.
   In this course we will explore the ways in which the brain controls natural behavior. We will study subjects such as how bats and owls are able to hunt at night, the unusual sensory abilities of electric fishes, learning and memory, and how we recognize different faces.

5340  Analysis of Vertebrate Structure and Function (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3310 and 3315.
   Structure, function and evolution of vertebrates, with emphasis on locomotor systems. Experimental and theoretical approaches to current questions.

5350  Ecological Physiology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3320.
   Analysis of physiological diversity. Adaptation, plasticity, systems integration, behavioral compromise, phylogenetic influences, relationship of physiological attributes to fitness. Consequences of physiological diversity of ecology and evolution.

5365  Form, Function, and Adaptation of Plants (4) Prerequisite: BIOL 2010.
   This lecture and lab course explores the form and function of plants in relation to their environment. We cover the anatomy and development of plants in the context of photosynthetic physiology, mechanical support, and resource uptake and transport mechanisms. Adaptations to environmental conditions including drought, light, salinity, temperature, and flooded soils are emphasized.

5370  MAMMALOGY (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 3310 or 3320
   Biology of wild animals with emphasis on local forms.

5375  Mammology Lab (1) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3310 or 3320.
   Laboratory exercises in Mammalogy.

5385  Ornithology (4) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 2020 and 2030.
   Birds (Aves) constitute the best known class of organisms on earth. This course presents an overview of the enormous body of information on birds, including topics such as the evolutionary origin and early radiation of birds, molecular systematics, form and function, reproduction and development, population and community ecology, behavior and communication and conservation biology.

5395  Advanced Field Ornithology (2) Prerequisite: BIOL 5385.
   Ten day intensive field course during spring break. Students will study morphological, physiological, ecological and behavioral diversity and adaptations of birds across a variety of habitats in the Western U.S. Individual reports due at end of spring semester.

5401  Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (3) Cross listed as GEO 5420. Prerequisite: Junior or Senior standing or consent of instructor.
   Meets with GEO 6240. Survey of the diversity of fossil vertebrates, with emphasis on skeletal morphology and systematics. Additional topics include taphonomy, functional morphology, origins of major groups (clades), tempo and mode of evolutionary change, and mass extinctions, as well as stratigraphic and biogeographic distributions viewed in the context of plate tectonics. One field trip.

5410  Molecular Evolution and Population Genetics (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 3410.
   The genetics of populations from an evolutionary perspective; processes that govern DNA sequence evolution; mutation; recombination drift and selection; genetic diversity in natural populations; genetic mechanisms of quantitative variation; techniques for estimating relatedness within and between populations and for reconstructing phylogenies.

5420  Advanced Ecology (3) Prerequisite: BIOL 3410 or equivalent.
   Advanced treatment in central topics in modern ecology; population growth and regulation, competition, predation, herbivory, mutualisms, stability, and diversity of communities.

5425  Advanced Ecology Lab (2) Prerequisite: BIOL 3410 or equivalent.
   Field and classroom laboratory demonstrating ecological principles such as populations growth and regulation, competition, predation, herbivory, mutualisms, stability, and diversity of communities.

5435  Plant Systematics (4) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 3410.
   Overiew of evolution and diversity of vascular plants, with emphasis on identification, phylogeny, and contemporary approaches to problems in classification.

5445  General Entomology (4) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 or instructor's consent.
   A course on the general biology of insects, including evolution, phylogenetic relationships of major groups (orders), evolution and physiology of flight, accoustical and chemical communication, mating systems, ecology of parasitoids, evolution of social insects.

5450  Abundance and Distribution of Organisms (1) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 3410.
   Determinants of distribution and abundance of animals and plants, island biogeography, diversity, long-term evolutionary trends.

5455  Desert Ecology Field Course (5) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010 and 3410. Fulfills Upper Division Communication/Writing.
   A project-oriented field class in the southwestern U.S. deserts. Frequent written and oral reports, and independent projects. Covers hypothesis-testing, experimental design and statistics. Three weeks intensive field class.

5460  Plant Ecology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010.
   Adaptive physiology and structure/function relationships between plants and their environments. Microclimate, energy balance, life-history, competition, and carbon, water, and nutrient relations of plants in different ecosystems. Focus also on the diversity of global plant communities.

5465  Plant Ecology Laboratory (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010.
   A laboratory course with an emphasis on methodologies involved in plant ecology, including vegetation cover, micro-climate, photosynthesis, water relations, and stable isotopes. Course involves individual and group laboratory and computer projects each week. Course includes weekend field trips (desert and forest ecosystems).

5470  Stable Isotope Ecology (3) Cross listed as GEO 5470. Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   A lecture course describing the principles of stable isotope chemistry as applied to biological environments and of the contributions of stable isotope approaches to addressing ecological phenomena from cellular through global levels. Credit only. Offered each summer. Limited to 18 students. Two weeks intensive.

5471  Fundamental Methods of Evolutionary Ecology (3) Cross listed as ANTHR 5471. Prerequisite: Graduate standing required; Both BIOL 3410 or equivalent, and MATH 1050 or equivalent. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   Meets with ANTHR 4471; additional work required of graduate students. See ANTHR 4471 for course description.

5480  Plant-Animal Interactions (2) Recommended Prerequisite: BIOL 2010.
   The ecology and evolution of the interactions between plants and animals (i.e., herbivory, pollination dispersal, mutualisms).

5900  Teaching Experience (2) Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   Repeatable for up to six credit hours. Credit will not be awarded for teaching the same course more than twice. Contact Biology Advising Office for information. Experience in teaching laboratory, discussion, or quiz sections. Arrangements should be made with professor in charge of course.

5910  Mathematical Models in Biology (2) Prerequisite: Either both MATH 1210 and 1220 or both MATH 1170 and 1180. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS.
   Various techniques of mathematical modelling of a range of biological systems, including ecology, physiology, cell biology, and genetics.

5960  Advanced Special Topics in Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

6020  Introduction to Computing Facilities (2)
   Required course for entering biology graduate students; others invited, space permitting. Offered CR/NC only. Lectures and laboratory assignments familiarize students with University computing resources, particularly the Biology Department's Macintosh laboratory and network VAX computers.

6040  Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (4) Cross listed as NEUSC 6040, PHYSL 6040.
   The bulk of this course will focus on the cellular mechanisms of signaling. The topics to be covered include basic neuronal/glial morphology and cell biology; neurostructural mapping and identification; basic neural development; cytoskeleton-structure and biochemistry; basic membrane biophysics; cable properties; ion channel biophysics and molecular biology; synaptic transmission; neurotransmitter gated ionotropic systems; and neurotransmitter gated metabotropic systems.

6245  Cellular and Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory (2) Cross listed as NEUSC 6245, PHYSL 6245. Prerequisite: Graduate Neuroscience course or instructor consent.
   Electrophysiology and video microscopy study of nerve, muscle, and synapse. Meets M-F 8AM-5PM for two weeks.

6290  Fundamentals of Biological Microscopy (1) Prerequisite: BIOL 2020.
   Meets with BIOL 5290. Lecture course providing a foundation in the essentials of microscopy and imaging, including digital imaging, for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Meets 2 hrs. per week for one half-semester.

6900  Teaching Experience (2)
   Experience in teaching lecture, laboratory, or discussion sections. Arrangements made through individual course professor.

6921  Isotopics (2) Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   Readings and discussions of advanced topics in environmental physiology, physiological ecology, and ecosystem processes, with some emphasis on stable isotope methods.

6950  Independent Study (1 to 12)
   Independent study on topics chosen by student by arrangement with individual faculty.

6961  Special Topics in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year..

6962  Special Topics in Cell and Developmental Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

6963  Special Topics in Physiology and Organismal Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

6964  Special Topics in Ecology and Evolution Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

6965  Current Topics in Developmental Biology (1) Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   Discussions of current research literature in the development of plants and animals.

6970  Thesis Research: Master's (1 to 12)

6971  Faculty Consultation (1 to 9)

7106  Core Seminar: Biochemistry and Molecular (1) Prerequisite: Graduate standing in Biology or instructor consent.
   Techniques of seminar presentation and data analysis, and communication of scientific information per se in area of biochemistry and molecular biology.

7206  Core Seminar: Cell, Developmental, and Genetics (1) Prerequisite: Graduate standing in Biology or instructor consent.
   Techniques of seminar presentation and data analysis and communication of scientific information per se in area of cellular, developmental, and genetic biology.

7306  Core Seminar: Organismal Biology and Physiology (1) Prerequisite: Graduate standing in Biology or instructor consent.
   Techniques of seminar presentation and data analysis, and communication of scientific information per se in area of organismal and physiology biology.

7406  Core Seminar: Ecology and Evolution (1) Prerequisite: Graduate standing in Biology or instructor consent.
   Techniques of seminar presentation and data analysis, and communication of scientific information per se in area of ecology and evolution.

7473  Stable Isotope Ecology (3)
   A lecture course describing the principles of stable isotope chemistry as applied to biological environments and of the contributions of stable isotope approaches to addressing ecological phenomena from cellular through global levels. Open only through DCE as a contract course.

7475  Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory (3) Cross listed as GEO 6475. Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   A laboratory course in stable isotope ecology involving experimental design, experimental methodologies, and instrument use. This course involves learning how to operate state-of- the-art isotope ratio mass spectrometers and associated peripherals. Course for credit only.Two wks intensive.

7500  Faculty Research Forum (1)
   Faculty presentations including information on research interests and/or a 'scientific autobiography' that describes the steps in their career development. Accessible to students with a basic biology background. Does not count toward graduate credit requirement for cell & molecular students in the Biology Department.

7810  Research in Progress (1)
   Students present progress reports on their reseach and receive critical constructive feedback from two faculty members.

7950  Independent Study (1 to 12)
   Independent study on topics chosen by student by arrangement with individual faculty.

7961  Advanced Topics in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

7962  Advanced Topics in Cell and Developmental Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

7963  Advanced Topics in Physiology and Organismal Biology (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

7964  Advanced Topics in Ecology and Evolution (1 to 5)
   Topics of special interest taught when justified by student and faculty interest. Content varies from year to year.

7970  Thesis Research: Ph.D. (1 to 12)

7971  Faculty Consultation (1 to 9)