This Web document is updated twice a year, on or about the first day of registration for Fall and Spring semesters.

1001  Earthquakes and Volcanoes (3) Fulfills Science Foundation.
   Occurrence, characteristics, and processes of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on a global scale interpreted in terms of plate tectonics. Scientific and social aspects of living in earthquake and volcano country. Case histories from the western United States and elsewhere.

1002  Global Environmental Change and Natural Resources (3) Fulfills Science Foundation.
   The evolution of the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere on Earth for the past 4.6 billion years using principles of physics, chemistry, biology, and geology. The impact of society on this background of change will be assessed to make quantitative predictions regarding the direction and magnitude of global environmental changes and natural resource availability in the coming centuries. Discussion of public policy questions and current affairs. Two field trips.

1003  Rocks and Minerals (3) Fulfills Science Foundation.
   Nontechnical examination of the physics and chemistry of rock-forming minerals occurrence and origins of major rock types. Identification and classification of common minerals and rocks. Two lectures and one lab weekly.

1004  Tales of the Earth (3) Fulfills Science Foundation.
   History of major discoveries and attendant controversies in Earth science and Earth history. Connections between basic science and how the public perceives the Earth. Continental drift, sea-floor spreading, the Great Ice Age, and origin of the Earth.

1005  Fossils and Life History (3) Fulfills Science Foundation.
   Exploration of the dynamic history of life on Earth for the past three billion years, as revealed by the tangible evidence of the fossil record. The interplay of geology, biology, and chemistry is examined in order to decipher the long, complex history of life, from the origin of the most primitive organisms to the emergence of humankind.

1006  The World of Dinosaurs (3) Cross listed as BIOL 1006. Fulfills Science Foundation.
   Dinosaurs are the most celebrated fossil organisms. These remarkably diverse and successful animals inhabited every major continent, persisted more than 150 million years, and evolved numerous bizarre forms of varying body sizes. This course presents an overview of the major dinosaur groups and places them into temporal, biogeographic, and ecological context. Topics include modes of preservation, feeding adaptations, social behavior, evolution, extinction, and the origin of birds. Dinosaurs are also used as a vehicle to introduce the scientific method.

1007  Unstable Ground - Geological Exploration of the Western U.S. (3) Fulfills Science Foundation.
   Students will learn about the geology of the western United States and how it affected the exploration, settlement and development of the region. The course will explore historical and contemporary examples of human interaction with the earth and environment, and how earth science provides a framework for addressing related problems and issues.

1008  National Parks: Geology Behind the Scenery (3)
   Examining and understanding the natural geologic processes that have built and shaped our country's national parks, national monuments, national recreation areas, and national seashores.

1009  National Parks: Geology in the Field (1) Co-requisite: GEO 1008.
   On-site explorations of spectacular geologic features in some of our national parks. Two two-day field trips to selected national parks in Utah.

1110  Introduction to Earth Systems (3)
   Overview of Earth materials, structure, history and processes from a systems perspective. Methods of geological observation and measurement, and their applications to problems in science and engineering. Must also register for GEO 1111.

1111  Laboratory for Introduction to Earth Systems (1)
   GEO 1110 accompanying laboratory.

1220  Earth History (3)
   Physical and biological history of the earth; development of interactions between the biosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere; development of major structural and stratigraphic features, introduction to classification of organisms, and to the fossil record.

3010  Geophysics (3) Prerequisite: MATH 1220.Co-requisite: GEO 3080.Recommended Prerequisite: PHYCS 2220. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Applications of physical principles to solid-earth dynamics and solid-earth structure, at both the scale of global tectonics and the smaller scale of subsurface exploration. Acquisition, modeling, and interpretation of seismic, gravity, magnetic, and electrical data in the context of exploration, geological engineering, and environmental problems. Two lectures, one lab weekly.

3060  Structural Geology andTectonics (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 1220 AND PHYCS 2210. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Fundamentals of rock deformation and applications to petroleum geology, mining, and geological engineering; mechanics of rock flow, fracture and folding; geometric techniques of structural analysis; introduction to tectonics. Field trips required. Two lectures, one lab weekly.

3080  Earth Materials I (4) Prerequisite: CHEM 1210. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Chemical and physical properties of Earth materials: solids (minerals and rocks) and liquids (water and magmas). Hand specimen identification of rock and ore-forming materials, problem solving, laboratory investigations, and computer exercises. Applications to geological, engineering, and environmental problems. Two lectures, two labs weekly. Field trip.

3090  Earth Materials II (4) Prerequisite: GEO 1110 and 3080 and MATH 1210. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Texture, mineralogy, chemistry, classification, origin, and evolution of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks. Laboratories consist of hand-specimen identification of rocks, problem-solving, and interpretation of petrogenetic sites. The hydrologic cycle, water budget, water resources on the earth, and principles of fluid flow. Two lectures, two labs weekly.

3095  Petrology (2) Prerequisite: GEO 3080.
   For students needing a junior-level general petrology course (e.g., B.S. students in mining engineering). Taught with first half of GEO 3090 Earth Materials II.

3180  Paleobiology (3) Prerequisite: GEO 1110.
   Morphology, taxonomy, evolution, and stratigraphic distribution of fossil animals and plants. Two lectures, one lab weekly.

3200  Natural Disasters (3) Prerequisite: MATH 1050 and one of GG 1030 or 1340 or 1110. Fulfills Science Integration, Upper-division Communication/Writing.
   Physical causes, effects and societal response to natural disasters including flooding, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and tsunami. Several recent natural disasters are examined in depth to understand the physical processes responsible for them and their effects. The course will focus on laboratory studies of recent natural disasters in order to understand why they occur, what their consequences are, and how we can respond to minimize their impact.

3250  Geology of Utah (2) Prerequisite: GEO 1110 or 1340.
   Physiography and geology of the Utah region. Development of geological features of Utah through time. Origin of rock sequences, economic products, landscape evolution, and mountain building from the perspective of plate tectonics. Evolution of geological exploration and geological thought to the present time.

3260  Geologic Field Trips in Utah (1) Co-requisite: GEO 3250. Fulfills Science Integration.
   Field trips to view and describe geological characteristics of Utah including Lake Bonneville and Great Salt Lake, the Great Basin, the San Rafael Swell, the Overthrust belt, the Wasatch Fault, mineral deposits, mineral and fossil collecting.

3300  The Water Planet (3) Fulfills Science Integration.
   Why is Paris warmer than Boston in the winter? Is religion thicker than water? Is groundwater becoming deeper and saltier? This course will examine the physical and chemical properties of water in the context of societal problems and needs, and the role of water in shaping global climate and civilization. Important properties of water will be explored to understand topical issues. Class project is required. For non-science majors. Field trip.

3400  Computational and Field Methods in Applied Geology (3) Prerequisite: Introductory GEO course.
   Computer and field methods for solving applied geoscience problems. Develops the computer and field skills required to solve problems in landscape evolution, geologic hazards, land use and natural resources. Meets computer programming requirement for Geology, Geological Engineering, and Environmental Earth Science majors.

3800  The Oceans (3) Prerequisite: GEO 1110 or 1340. Fulfills Science Integration.
   Origin and evolution of ocean basins, bottom sediments, physical and chemical properties of sea water, water masses, circulation of surface and deep waters, waves and tides, and life in the ocean.

3900  Undergraduate Research (1 to 3)
   Student pursues research project under supervision of faculty adviser. May be used to fulfill 3000-level elective requirement.

3970  Senior Thesis (3)
   Introduction to research.

3980  Special Topics (1 to 3)
   Topics of special interest to undergraduate students.

4100  Petrography and Petrogenesis (3) Prerequisite: GEO 3080 and 3090.
   Identification of minerals in igneous and metamorphic rocks in flat-stage thin sections by optical means. Textural relations between constituent minerals in rocks and their interpretation. Laboratories consist of studying rock slices in thin section using a petrographic microscope. Two lectures, one lab weekly.

4500  Field Methods (3) Prerequisite: GEO 3060 and 5760. Fulfills Upper-division Communication/Writing.
   Practical field skills applicable to geological, geoengineering, and environmental studies developed through weekly field exercises in the Wasatch Front area. Results presented orally in class and/or in written reports targeted to a variety of potential users, including professional colleagues, government agencies, and the general public.

4510  Field Geology (4) Prerequisite: GEO 4500.
   Geologic mapping and other types of field data collection in geologically varied areas in Utah and/or adjacent states, with applications to geological hazards, geological engineering, and hydrology. Includes three weeks of field work at various off-campus sites.

4999  Honors Thesis/Project (3) Fulfills Upper-division Communication/Writing.
   Restricted to students in the Honors program working on an Honors degree.

5050  Geochronology (3) Prerequisite: GEO 1110 or instructor's consent.
   Theory and techniques of isotopic dating methods, and methods not based on radioactive decay. Includes problems with dating methods and application to specific geological and paleontological problems.

5060  Global Geophysics (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 2250 and PHYCS 2220.
   Structure and dynamics of the Earth. Observations and deductions about the crust, mantle, and core. Lithospheric plates and their motions at present and in the past. Energy balances within the Earth. Two lectures, one lab weekly.

5070  Tectonics of Orogenic Belts (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3060.
   Tectonic processes at active plate margins and their products in the geologic record. Focuses on current topics in tectonics research including interaction of solid-Earth processes with climate and landscape development. Case histories drawn from around the world. Meets with GEO 6070.

5110  Igneous Geodynamics (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 4100.
   Application of elementary thermodynamics and fluid mechanics to the origin and evolution of planet Earth. Geochemical, isotopic, and geophysical constraints on igneous processes. The laboratory consists of petrographic examination of rocks in thin section and computer modeling of igneous processes. Two lectures, one lab weekly.

5120  Geochemical Thermodynamics and Transport (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3090 and GG 4100.
   Principles of geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics with application to solid, fluid, and gas phases and solutions of geologic interest. Fundamentals of geochemical reaction and transport with applications to processes of fluid-rock interaction in the Earth's crust. Two lectures, one lab weekly. Meets with GEO 6120, 7120.

5150  Geological Engineering Design (4) Prerequisite: GEO 1110. Junior or senior standing in the geological engineering program. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   The role of earth processes in engineering design. Formulation, design, and execution of a field problem in geological engineering over the course of the semester. Exact nature of problem determined by instructor and student. Two two-hour class periods per week.

5160  Clay Mineral Geochemistry (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3080. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Crystal chemistry, surface chemistry, and petrogenesis of clay minerals in geological environments. Instrumental methods used in characterizing clay minerals. Physical, chemical, and engineering properties of clay minerals applied to solute transport, waste isolation, and geological engineering design. Meets with GEO 6160, 7160.

5180  Paleoecology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3180.Recommended Co-requisite: GEO 5760.
   Ecologic approach to the interpretation of fossil populations, communities, and the global biosphere throughout geological time. One one-week field trip. Meets with GEO 6180.

5190  Marine Geology (3) Prerequisite: GEO 3800.
   Bathymetry, origin, and evolution of ocean basins. Sedimentation in ocean basins. Marine stratigraphy and ocean history. Meets with GEO 6190.

5200  Depositional Environments (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3090.
   Physical and chemical factors related to deposition and lithification of sedimentary material; significant aspects of major sedimentary environments, with emphasis on interpretation and recognition. Three lectures weekly.

5210  Seismology I: Tectonophysics and Elastic Waves (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3060 and MATH 3150.
   Continuum mechanics of Earth materials, tensor formulation of deformation and stress, fracture, flow, and rheology of the Earth materials; constitutive relationships; wave propagation, wave equations, reflection/refraction, travel time determinations. Introduction to analytic problem solving using computer tools. Meets with GEO 6211.

5211  Paleomagnetism (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 1220 and PHYCS 2220.
   Meets with GEO 6210. See GEO 6210 for course description.

5220  Seismology II: Exploration and Engineering Seismology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5210 and 5320.
   Propogation of reflected and refracted waves in layered media. Processing and interpretation of seismic reflection and refraction data with applications to petroleum exploration, engineering properties for structures and geological hazard assessment. Field and laboratory exercises.

5230  Physical Fields I: Gravity, Magnetics, and Thermal Physics (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 3150 and PHYCS 2220.
   Measurement and theory of gravity and magnetic fields of the earth; small- to large-scale gravity and magnetic anomalies in exploration and global geophysics; reduction of gravity and magnetic data and forward modeling; applications to exploration, tectonics, and environmental problems. Thermal properties, temperatures, and heat transfer within the context of global geological and geophysical processes, such as plate tectonics and sedimentary basin evolution. Two lectures, one lab weekly. Two weekend exercises. Meets with GEO 6230.

5240  Physical Fields II: Electromagnetic Methods (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 3150 and PHYCS 2220.
   General concepts of electromagnetic field behavior. Electromagnetic properties of rocks. Direct current methods, natural-field electromagnetic methods, magnetotelluric field, numerical modeling, magnetotelluric survey methods. Controlled source electromagnetic methods, electromagnetic sounding and profiling. Computer simulation and interpretation of electromagnetic geophysical data. Meets with GEO 6240.

5250  Inversion Theory and Applications (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 3150 and PHYCS 2220.
   Forward and inverse problems in geophysics. Uniqueness and instability in the solution of inverse problems. Ill-posed problems and methods of their solution. The regularization method. Linearized inversion technique. Principles of discrete inverse theory. Nonlinear inversion technique. Gradient type methods, regularized Newton, and conjugate gradient methods. Computer simulation of geophysical inverse problem solution using regularization method. Meets with GEO 6250, 7250.

5260  Petrophysics and Well-Logging (2) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 1110 and PHYCS 2220.
   Petrophysical links between geophysical and geological variables, principles, and applications of downhole logging tools. Geophysical, geological, and geological engineering interpretation of logging and other borehole data. Meets with GEO 6260.

5280  Ichnology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3180.Recommended Co-requisite: GEO 5760.
   Paleoecologic and sedimentologic approaches to the study of animal-sediment relationships and biogenic sedimentary structures (trace fossils). Two lectures/discussions, one lab or field trip weekly. Meets with GEO 6280.

5310  Heat and Fluids (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 3150 and PHYCS 2220.
   Heat and fluid transport within the context of geological processes. Theory, material properties, and modeling. Applications include sea-floor spreading with hydrothermal circulation, plate subduction and magnetic arcs, magma chambers, debris and lava flows, contact and regional metamorphism, faulting, sediment transport, and sedimentary basin evolution. Meets with GEO 6310, 7310.

5320  Signal and Image Processing in the Geosciences (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 2500 or 2270 or 3730.
   Analysis of linear systems and processing of continuous and discrete signals to solve imaging problems in geophysics, remote sensing, and geological engineering. Theory and computer implementations of Fourier transform, linear-system response, waveform sampling, fast Fourier transform, digital filtering, and spectral analysis.

5330  Earthquake Seismology and Risk Assessment (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5210 and 5320 and MATH 3150. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Earthquake physics and methods of earthquake hazard assessment, earthquake mechanics; wave propagation, instrumentation, surface waves, interpretation of seismograms and earthquake location methods. A special section of the course can be taken separately that focuses on earthquake risk assessment including use of fault, earthquake history, strong ground motion, attenuation, and principles of deterministic and probabilistic earthquake risk assessment. Homework will emphasize computational and interpretational methods and will require computer skills in Fortran and Matlab or Maple. Meets with GEO 6330.

5340  System Dynamics and Environmental Policy (3) Cross listed as POL S 5323, GEOGR 5370, URBPL 5370.
   Environmental policy design requires an understanding of human interactions with environmental systems. It requires an accounting of the complexities of behavior, context and policy. These complexities often produce indirect and unanticipated consequences. They yield unexpected patterns and counter-intuitive results. Students from many academic fields learn user-friendly software (STELLA) to do environmental policy simulation without proficiency in advanced mathematics. Students use computer simulations to sort out environmental complexities; transform group perceptions into simulation models; apply principles of environmental management; test policy effects and define possible pathways for future policy change.

5341  Practicum in Environmental Systems Sustainability (3) Cross listed as URBPL 5371, GEOGR 5371, POL S 5324.
   Using actual clients and a systems thinking approach, multi-disciplinary student teams resolve real world problems in environmental sustainability. Student teams define system structures, feedback loops, counter-intuitive relationships and the unintended consequences of policy decisions. Students having completed 'System Dynamics and Environmental Policy' get to apply their experience in systems modeling in support of team efforts in full-scale, practical problem solving. Possible topics include: urban growth, drinking water, energy resources, air/water quality and environmental justice. Meets with GEO 6341, CVEEN 6661, GEOGR 6371, POL S 6324.

5350  Groundwater (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 1110. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Fundamental physics and mathematical models of ground-water flow with selected applications in the earth sciences and engineering. Specific topics include Darcy's Law, fluid storage, equations of flow, aquifer evaluation methods, and the role of ground water in geotechnical and geologic problems. Meets with GEO 6350, 7350.

5360  Fluid Dynamics of Earth Materials (3) Prerequisite: MATH 3150 and CVEEN 2160.
   Derivation of the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid motion and momentum transport. Application to fundamental aspects of Earth science and engineering design including debris flows, sediment erosion and transport, mass wasting, storm surges, and coastal engineering. Two lectures, one lab weekly. Meets with GEO 6360, 7360.

5370  Environmental Organic Geochemistry (3) Recommended Prerequisite: CHEM 1210 and 1220.
   Molecular basis for the physical and chemical behavior of organic chemicals in air, water, soil, as well as within our own bodies. Relation of contaminant structure and chemistry to distribution within the environment. Contaminant transport, origins of contaminants at contaminated sites, and remedial technologies for cleanup. Meets with GEO 6370, 7370.

5380  Solute Transport (3) Prerequisite: GEO 5350.Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5370 and 5380.
   Overview of the physical, chemical and biological processes influencing subsurface solute transport. Topics include advective-dispersive transport of conservative species, reactive transport theory, transport in fractured porous media, and monitoring methods. Basic principles will be used to evaluate the migration of common industrial contaminants in geologic media; aquifer protection; contaminant monitoring; and remediation. Two lectures weekly. Meets with GEO 6380, 7380.

5390  Subsurface Remediation and Hazardous Waste Management (3) Prerequisite: GEO 5350.Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5370 and 5380.
   Application of principles of ground-water hydrology and contaminant chemistry in the remediation of subsurface hazardous waste. Topics include: environmental regulations, toxicology, air-stripping, carbon adsorption, soil vapor extraction, surfactant enhanced extraction, bio-venting, bio-augmentation, solidification, and capture. Class project involves design of remediation system for a hypothetical site. Meets with GEO 6390, 7390.

5420  Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution (3) Cross listed as BIOL 5401.
   Survey of the diversity of fossil vertebrates, with emphasis on skeletal morphology and systematics. Additional topics include taphonomy, functional morphology, origins of major groups (clades), tempo and mode of evolutionary change, and mass extinctions, as well as stratigraphic and biogeographic distributions viewed in the context of plate tectonics. One field trip.

5450  Ore Genesis and Mineral Exploration (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3080. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Ore-forming processes, magma differentiation, hydrothermal systems, sedimentation and metamorphism. Hand-specimen and thin-section examination of fresh and altered host rocks. Microscope study of ore minerals with polished-surface preparations. Identification, textures, structures, associations, and sequence of mineral deposition with problem-solving philosophy. Exploration algorithm, design, and execution of geologic programs and applications of geologic principles in regional minerals search, including geochemical, geophysical, geological, and engineering methods. Field trips in Utah and adjacent states. Two lectures, one lab weekly. Meets with GEO 6451, 7451.

5470  Stable Isotope Ecology (3) Cross listed as BIOL 5470. Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   A lecture course describing the principles of stable isotope chemistry as applied to biological environments and of the contributions of stable isotope approaches to addressing ecological phenomena from cellular through global levels. Credit only. Offered each summer. Limited to 18 students. Two weeks intensive.

5500  Numerical Methods in Geosciences (3) Prerequisite: MATH 2250.
   Application of common numerical methods to problems in geology, geochemistry, and hydrology. Topics include interpolation, systems of linear and nonlinear equations, finite difference and finite element methods, and numerical integration. One 75 minute lecture and one 75 minute computer laboratory per week.

5555  Environmental Engineering Seminar (0.5) Cross listed as CVEEN 5555, CHFEN 5555, MET E 5555, MG EN 5555.
   Provides students the opporunity to meet with and learn from environmental engineering practitioners and researchers during a series of informal lectures and discussions.

5660  Geochemistry (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 1110 and CHEM 1220. Fulfills Quantitative Intensive BS Course.
   Geochemistry of the Earth and Earth processes, low temperature geochemistry, applications of thermodynamics to geologic problems. Meets with GEO 6660.

5670  Isotope Tracers in Earth Science (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3090 and 5660.
   Principles of stable isotope fractionation. Overview and interpretation of stable isotope variations in the Earth's lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. Applications of isotopes to track and evaluate geologic, physical, geochemical, and geobiochemical processes in and on the Earth. Two lectures, one lab weekly. Meets with GEO 6670.

5690  Aqueous Geochemistry (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5660.
   Thermodynamic and transport properties of inorganic and organic aqueous solutes. Mineral solubilities, phase equilibria, heterogenous kinetics, and irreversible mass transfer among minerals and an aqueous phase. Meets with GEO 6690, 7690.

5760  Stratigraphy and Sedimentary Processes (4) Prerequisite: GEO 3090.Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3060.
   Sedimentary processes that erode, transport, and deposit sediments; characteristics and origins of sedimentary rocks; and principles of stratigraphy. Field trips required. Three lectures, one discussion weekly.

5780  Micropaleontology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3180.
   Biology, ecology, biostratigraphy, and special research applications of major microfossil groups. Light and electron microscopy of nannofossils and microfossils. Three lectures weekly. Meets with GEO 6780, 7780.

5800  History of the Earth (3) Prerequisite: GEO 1110 and 3060 and 3080 and 3090 and 3010.
   Major events in Earth history from the origin of Earth to the present. Methods in Earth history, with discussion of appropriate periods of applicability, and choice of time periods for which answers may be forthcoming for processes of different durations.

5900  Internship (1 to 3)
   Student internships and work experience in geoscience related jobs. This cooperative education program is available to GEO majors.

5920  Special Topics (0.5 to 3)
   Investigation of specific geoscience problems. For seniors and graduate students. See GEO 6920 for topic areas.

6060  Advanced Structural Geology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 3060.
   Quantitative analysis of Earth structures including two- and three-dimensional geometrical modeling, processes of brittle and ductile deformation, and response of rocks to static and dynamic stress fields. Applications to regional tectonics and landscape evolution, earthquake mechanics, hydrology-petroleum geology, engineering geology and mineral exploration. Two lectures, one lab per week.

6061  Global Geophysics (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5060; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5060 for course description.

6070  Tectonics of Orogenic Belt (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5070; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5070 for course description.

6110  Advanced Igneous Processes (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5110.
   Topics related to igneous processes, including magma-generation thermal and transport properties, and differentiation mechanisms. Volcanic process topics including the role of volatiles, eruption mechanisms, and depositional regimes.

6120  Geochemical Thermodynamics and Transport (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5120 and GEO 7120; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5120 for course description.

6160  Clay Mineral Geochemistry (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5160 and GEO 7160; additional work required of graduate studetns. See GEO 5160 for course description.

6180  Paleoecology (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5180; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5180 for course description.

6190  Marine Geology (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5190; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5190 for course description.

6210  Paleomagnetism (3) Recommended Prerequisite: MATH 1220 and PHYCS 2220.
   Earth's main magnetic field and magnetic field reversals; physical basis of rock magnetism; establishment of the geomagnetic reversal time scale; applications of paleomagnetism and rock magnetism to dating, plate motions, regional tectonics, and paleoclimate. One field exercise. Meets with GEO 5211.

6211  Seismology I (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5210; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5210 for course description.

6220  Theoretical Seismology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5320 and 5330 and MATH 3150 and 3160.
   Advanced studies in seismic wave propagation including elastodynamics, representation theory, moment tensors, effects of boundaries on propagation, asymptotic ray theory, plane wave decomposition, full wave theory (Cagniard de Hoop), and reflectivity. Synthetic seismogram formulation. Meets with GEO 7220.

6230  Physical Fields I (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5230; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5230 for course description.

6240  Physical Fields II: Electromagnetic Methods (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5240; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5240 for course description.

6250  Inversion Theory and Applications (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5250, 7250; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5250 for course description.

6260  Petrophysics of Well-Logging (2) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5260; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5260 for course description.

6280  Ichnology (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5280; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5280 for course description.

6340  System Dynamics and Environmental Policy (3) Cross listed as POL S 6323, CVEEN 6660, GEOGR 6370.
   Environmental policy design requires an understanding of human interactions with environmental systems. It requires an accounting of the complexities of behavior, context and policy. These complexities often produce indirect and unanticipated consequences. They yield unexpected patterns and counter-intuitive results. Students from many academic fields learn user-friendly software (STELLA) to do environmental policy simulation without proficiency in advanced mathematics. Students use computer simulations to sort out environmental complexities; transform group perceptions into simulation models; apply principles of environmental management; test policy effects and define possible pathways for future policy change.

6341  Practicum in Environmental Systems Sustainability (3) Cross listed as CVEEN 6661, GEOGR 6371, POL S 6324.
   Using actual clients and a systems thinking approach, multi-disciplinary student teams resolve real world problems in environmental sustainability. Student teams define system structures, feedback loops, counter-intuitive relationships and the unintended consequences of policy decisions. Students having completed 'System Dynamics and Environmental Policy' get to apply their experience in systems modeling in support of team efforts in full-scale, practical problem solving. Possible topics include: urban growth, drinking water, energy resources, air/water quality and environmental justice.

6350  Groundwater (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 50350 and GEO 7350; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5350 for course description.

6360  Fluid Dynamics of Earth Materials (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5360 and GEO 7360; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5360 for course description.

6370  Environmental Organic Geochemistry (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5370 and GEO 7370; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5370 for course description.

6450  Advanced Mineral Deposits (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5450.
   Mineral deposits and models, both theoretical and actual. Advanced instrumental methods for determining geologic parameters of mineral deposits, with problem-solving philosophy.Two lectures, one lab weekly. Field trips in Utah and adjacent states.

6451  Ore Genesis and Mineral Exploration (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5450 and GEO 7451; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5450 for course description.

6475  Stable Isotope Ecology Laboratory (3) Cross listed as BIOL 6475. Prerequisite: Instructor's consent.
   A laboratory course in stable isotope ecology involving experimental design, experimental methodologies, and instrument use. This course involves learning how to operate state-of- the-art isotope ratio mass spectrometers and associated peripherals. Course for credit only.Two wks intensive.

6500  Numerical Methods in Geosciences (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5500 amd GEO 7500; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5500 for course description.

6550  Environmental Geochemistry (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5660.
   Readings and discussions of advanced topics in geochemistry.

6660  Geochemistry (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5660; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5660 for course description.

6670  Isotope Tracers in Earth Science (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5670; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5670 for course description.

6760  Advanced Sedimentology (3) Recommended Prerequisite: GEO 5760.
   Advanced topics in clastic and carbonate sedimentology and stratigraphy. Covers varying scales from petrography to basin synthesis and global change. Two lectures, one lab weekly.

6780  Micropaleontology (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5780 and GEO 7780; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5780 for course description.

6800  History of the Earth (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5800; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5800 for course description.

6920  Special Topics (1 to 3)
   Upon graduate student request, special seminars may be taught by the following faculty in the areas of indicated specialization: J.M. Bartley, structural geology; J.R. Bowman, isotope geology and metamorphic petrology; F.H. Brown, geochronology and petrology; R.L. Bruhn, structural and engineering geology; T.E. Cerling, geochemistry; M.A. Chan, sedimentology and stratigraphy; D.S. Chapman, heat flow and regional tectonics; A.A. Ekdale, invertebrate paleontology and paleoecology; S.L. Halgedahl, rock magnetism; R.D. Jarrard, downhole, geophysical measurements; P.W. Jewell, hydrology and fluid dynamics; W.P. Johnson, geological engineering; W.P. Nash, igneous petrology, volcanology; W.T. Parry, clay mineralogy and mineral exploration; J.C. Pechmann, earthquake seismology; E.U. Petersen, economic geology; M.D. Picard, sedimentary petrology; P.H. Roth, micropaleontology and paleoceanography; G.T. Schuster, reflection seismology; R.B. Smith, seismology and tectonophysics; D.K. Solomon, hydrology; M.S. Zhdanov, geophysical field theory.

6950  Reviews in Earth Science (2)
   Review of selected topics encompassing a broad spectrum of disciplines within Earth science. Seminar format emphasizes developing communications skills, teamwork, and collegiality. Required for all students in first year of M.S. programs in Department of Geology and Geophysics. One two-hour meeting weekly.

6970  Thesis Research: Master's (1 to 12)
   Also appropriate for M.E. research.

6980  Faculty Consultation (3)

7120  Geochemical Thermodynamics and Transport (3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Meets with GEO 5120 and GEO 6120; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5120 for course description.

7160  Clay Mineral Geochemistry (3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Meets with GEO 5160 and GEO 6160; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5160 for course description.

7220  Theoretical Seismology (3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Meets with GEO 6220; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 6220 for course description.

7250  Inversion Theory and Applications (3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Meets with GEO 5250 and GEO 6250; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5250 for course description.

7350  Groundwater (3)
   Meets with GEO 5350 and GEO 6350; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5350 for course description. Students must have Ph.D. status to register.

7360  Fluid Dynamics of Earth Materials (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
   Meets with GEO 5360 and GEO 6360; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5360 for course description.

7370  Envronmental Organic Geochemistry (3)
   Meets with GEO 5370 and GEO 6370; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5370 for course description. Students must have Ph.D. status to register.

7451  Ore Genesis & Mineral Exploration (3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Meets with GEO 5450 and GEO 6451; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5450 for course description.

7500  Numerical Methods in Geosciences (3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Meets with GEO 5500 and GEO 6500; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5500 for course description.

7780  Micropaleontology (3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Meets with GEO 5780 and GEO 6780; additional work required of graduate students. See GEO 5780 for course description.

7920  Special Topics (1 to 3) Prerequisite: PH.D. students only.
   Topics determined by faculty each semester.

7970  Thesis Research: Ph.D. (1 to 12)

7980  Faculty Consultation (3)

7990  Continuing Registration: Ph.D. (0)